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Impact of G12C and G12D mutations on KRAS downstream pathways compared with wild type. (A) Activated KRAS wild-type signals the Ral A/B, PI3K, and RAF pathways. (B) KRAS G12D preferentially activates the PI3K and RAF pathways. (C) KRAS G12C preferentially activates the Ral A/B and RAF pathways.
