Table 1.
The mechanism of TNF-α and TGF-β on proliferation in different cells.
| Tissue/cell | Mechanism |
|---|---|
| Synergy effect | |
| MiaPaCa-2 | Enhance the proliferation ability and cancer stem cell characteristics of tumor cells (37) |
| RSF | Stimulation of RSF proliferation may be related to activated RAS genes (38) |
| MFBIC | They can promote the proliferation of cells and stimulate the formation of liver fibrosis (39) |
| HL-60 | Inhibition of cell growth may be associated with down-regulation of c-myc expression (40) |
| Hematopoietic stem cells, etc. | Inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation (41, 42) |
| Mouse hepatocytes | Inhibition of the level of TNF-α can inhibit the production of TGF-β1, thereby enhancing liver tissue regeneration (43) |
| Antagonism effect | |
| Human fibroblasts and nasal epithelial cells | TGF-β dose-dependently inhibited the cell proliferation ability stimulated by TNF-α (44, 45) |
| BEC | TGF-β1 inhibits the proliferation of brain endothelial cells, but TNF-α promotes BEC proliferation (46) |