Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical features for cases and matched controls
| Cases (n=53) | Controls (n=53) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Female Sex, n(%) | 31 (58.5) | 30 (56.6) | 0.84 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n(%) | |||
| - Non-Hispanic White | 18 (34.0) | 19 (35.8) | |
| - Non-Hispanic Black | 32 (60.4) | 23 (43.4) | |
| - Hispanic | 0 | 0 | |
| - Asian | 2(3.8) | 9 (17.0) | |
| - Other | 1 (1.9) | 2(3.8) | |
| Translation services used | 0 | 5(9.4) | 0.08 |
| John Hopkins ED | |||
| - A | 14 (26.4) | 12(22.6) | |
| - B | 8 (15.1) | 17 32.1) | |
| - C | 23 43.4) | 13 24.5) | |
| - D | 8 (15.1) | 11 (20.8) | |
| Past Medical History | |||
| Hypertension | 38 (71.7) | 29 (54.7) | 0.07 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 20 (37.7) | 12 (22.6) | 0.17 |
| Diabetes | 15 (28.3) | 12(22.6) | 0.55 |
| Prior stroke | 17 (32.1) | 7 (13.2) | 0.02 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5 (9.4) | 4(7.5) | 0.71 |
| Heart failure | 6 (11.3) | 2 (3.8) | 0.16 |
| Smoker | 20(37.7) | 20 (37.7) | 1.0 |
| Alcohol use | 4(7.5) | 6 (11.3) | 0.48 |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 2 (3.8) | 2(3.8) | 1.0 |
| Cancer | 7(13.2) | 2(3.8) | 0.06 |
| Prior Neurosurgery | 7 (13.2) | 1(1.9) | 0.03 |
| Recent trauma | 4 (7.5) | 4 (7.5) | 1.0 |
| Psychiatric illness | 14 (26.4) | 14 (26.4) | 1.0 |
| Drug use | 4 (7.5) | 2 (3.8) | 0.41 |
| Pregnant or post-partum | 0 | 0 | |
| Home medications | |||
| Any antiplatelet agent* | 21 (39.6) | 10 (22.6) | 0.02 |
| Anticoagulation | 4 (7.5) | 5 (9.4) | 1.0 |
| Anti-hypertensive | 32 (60.4) | 23 (43.4) | 0.09 |
| Statin | 25 (47.2) | 11 (20.8) | 0.01 |
| Headache features | |||
| Presenting complaint in triage did not include headache** | 15 (28.3) | 9 (17.0) | 0.16 |
| Any prior headache disorder | 20 (37.7) | 20 (37.7) | 1.0 |
| Similar to prior headache | 7 (13.2) | 15 (28.3) | 0.07 |
| Thunderclap Quality | 0 | 0 | |
| Duration < 6 hours | 12 (22.6) | 7 (13.2) | 0.23 |
| Duration >24 hours | 28 (52.8) | 29 (54.7) | 0.86 |
| Associated neurological complaints (including blurry vision and dizziness) | 25 (47.2) | 22 (41.5) | 0.49 |
| SNOOP10 >1 | 34 (64.2) | 33 (62.2) | 0.82 |
| Improvement in headache pain while in the ED | 15 (28.3) | 20 (37.7) | 0.34 |
| Vitals at ED arrival | |||
| Temp > 100.4°F or < 96.8°F | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 0.32 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (SD) | 153.5 (3.4) mm Hg | 145.4 (3.9) mm Hg | 0.09 |
| Mean diastolic blood pressure (SD) | 85.3 (2.0) mm Hg | 82.1 (1.8) mm Hg | 0.21 |
| Heart rate (SD) | 81.5 (2.1) | 77.5 (2.1) | 0.19 |
*
Two cases were prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy
**
No triage complaint was documented for two patients