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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Gerontol. 2021 Aug 5;45(1):36–44. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1957051

Table 3.

Regressions Examining Links Between Social Resources and Anxiety Symptoms Since the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Older Adults With Chronic Conditions.

Anxiety Symptoms
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Parameter B SE 95% CI B SE 95% CI B SE 95% CI
Sociodemographic characteristics
 Age −.03*** .01 −.05, −.02 −.03*** .01 −.05, −.02 −.03*** .01 −.05, −.02
 Gender (female) .45** .13 .19, .71 .45** .13 .18, .71 .43** .13 .16, .69
 Race/ethnicity (person of color) −.05 .16 −.35, .26 −.06 .16 −.37, .24 −.08 .15 −.38, .22
 Education (bachelor’s or higher) .07 .13 −.18, .32 .09 .13 −.17, .34 .12 .13 −.13, .37
 Marital status (spouse/cohabiting partner) −.19 .13 −.45, .06 −.22 .13 −.48, .04 −.19 .13 −.45, .06
 Household size .002 .05 −.10, .10 .01 .05 −.10, .11 −.001 .05 −.10, .10
Health characteristics
 Self-rated physical health −.27** .08 −.43, −.12 −.27** .08 −.42, −.11 −.28*** .08 −.43, −.12
 Number of chronic conditions .06* .03 .001, .13 .06 .03 −.001, .12 .07* .03 .01, .13
 Functional limitations −.01 .02 −.04, .02 −.02 .02 −.04, .01 −.02 .02 −.04, .01
 Pain intensity .10 .06 −.02, .22 .11 .06 −.01, .22 .09 .06 −.03, .21
Stress related to the pandemic
 Worry about COVID-19 infection .73*** .06 .62, .84 .73*** .06 .61, .84 .71*** .06 .59, .82
 Financial strain .16** .05 .06, .26 .17** .05 .06, .27 .17** .05 .06, .27
 Total stressors .001 .04 −.07, .07 −.001 .04 −.07, .07 .004 .04 −.07, .08
Social resources since the pandemic
 Social contact −.14* .06 −.25, −.02 −.10 .06 −.21, .02
 Emotional support .05 .03 −.02, .11 .05 .03 −.01, .12
Social resources since the pandemic × Age
 Social contact × Age .02** .01 .01, .03
 Emotional support × Age .01 .004 −.002, .01
Total R2 .350 .356 .367
Change in R2 .350*** .006* .011**

Note. COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019. N = 705 adults.

*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001.