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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Periodontal Res. 2021 Nov 8;57(1):173–185. doi: 10.1111/jre.12951

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

The effect of imipramine on ceramide (CER) and sphingomyelin (SM) contents in macrophages stimulated with LPS and/or PA. A. Schematic diagram shows how imipramine inhibits aSMase-catalyzed SM hydrolysis and thus decreases CER production. The reduction of CER production decreases periodontal inflammation and bone resorption. B and C. The effect of imipramine on celluar contests of SM (A) and CER (B) in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS and/or PA. The cells were treated with 1 ng/ml of LPS, 100 μM of PA or both LPS and PA for 24 h. After the treatments, cellular SM and CER contents were quantified with lipidomics as described in Methods. The data are mean ± SD (n=2). Pi, phosphate.