Table 1.

The effect of imipramine on expression of genes involved in periodontal inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in macrophages treated with LPS, PA or LPS plus PA

	Fold changes for cells treated in the absence of imipramine				Fold changes for cells treated in the presence of imipramine
	Control	LPS	PA	LPS + PA	Imipramine	LPS + imipramine	PA + imipramine	LPS + PA + imipramine
Fos	1.00	1.84	1.11	4.31	1.18	2.15	1.24	0.18
Il1a	1.00	9.65	0.39	32.99	0.75	10.05	0.71	19.64
Il1b	1.00	51.55	0.61	170.84	0.55	19.80	0.81	10.15
Myd88	1.00	1.13	0.88	1.20	0.97	1.38	0.73	0.76
Ptgs2	1.00	12.16	0.88	19.69	1.65	11.83	2.71	12.90
Tnf	1.00	3.48	0.74	5.61	1.72	5.07	1.32	3.73

Abbreviations: PA, palmitic acid; CSF2, colony-stimulating factor 2; Cxcl10, C-X-C motif chemokine 10; II1a, interleukin 1 alpha; II1b, interleukin 1 beta; Myd88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; Ptgs2, prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2; Tnf, tumor necrosis factor.

RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 1 ng/ml LPS, 100 μM PA, or both in the presence or absence of 50 μM of IMP for 24 h. After treatment, cells were harvested and subjected to PCR array study, as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. The GAPDH mRNA was used as a housekeeping gene. To compare the gene expression in cells treated with LPS, PA, or LPS plus PA with that in control cells, ΔC_T was first calculated by the following formula: ΔC_T = C_T in treated cells - C_T in control cells. The gene expression in cells treated with LPS, PA, or both in the absence or presence of imipramine was presented as the fold of the control gene expression and calculated as 2^ΔCT.