Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population According to TyG Index Quartiles
| TyG Index Quartiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (≤8.12) | Q2 (8.13–8.50) | Q3 (8.51–8.89) | Q4 (≥8.90) | P-value * | Post Hoc ** | |
| n | 605 | 606 | 606 | 600 | ||
| Age (years) | 55.6 (8.2) | 56.4 (8.4) | 57.2 (8.2) | 56.4 (7.9) | 0.015 | b |
| Females (%) | 59.3 | 45.5 | 33.6 | 23.7 | <0.001 | - |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.5 (2.7) | 23.7 (2.8) | 24.4 (2.7) | 25.2 (2.7) | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121.6 (16.5) | 123.7 (17.5) | 128.8 (18.`) | 129.0 (15.9) | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.1 (9.9) | 78.2 (9.9) | 80.5 (10.0) | 81.5 (9.7) | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e |
| Mean arterial BP (mmHg) | 89.9 (11.4) | 93.2 (11.8) | 95.4 (11.7) | 96.3 (12.4) | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 88.6 (11.2) | 96.0 (12.2) | 101.2 (17.7) | 114.2 (32.0) | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185.9 (35.4) | 193.1 (35.7) | 194.0 (36.7) | 199.4 (37.7) | <0.001 | a,b,c,e,f |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 59 (58–60) | 87 (86–88) | 120 (119–122) | 209 (203–215) | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.7 (13.7) | 52.7 (12.3) | 47.6 (10.3) | 43.9 (10.3) | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 115.3 (32.0) | 125.5 (32.0) | 126.4 (33.4) | 128.5 (34.0) | <0.001 | a,b,c |
| Pulse wave velocity (cm/s) | 1371 (230) | 1428 (255) | 1456 (256) | 1480 (257) | <0.001 | a,b,c,e, |
| Leukocyte count (cells/μL) | 4637 (2130) | 5144 (2303) | 5499 (2387) | 5797 (2682) | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Current smokers (%) | 23.3 | 33.1 | 35.3 | 36.5 | <0.001 | – |
| Alcohol drinking (%) | 24.8 | 28.4 | 32.1 | 40.6 | <0.001 | – |
| Regular exercise (%) | 44.7 | 43.5 | 44.7 | 38.9 | 0.153 | – |
| Hypertension (%) | 26.1 | 38.2 | 47.6 | 49.7 | <0.001 | – |
| Type 2 diabetes (%) | 3.8 | 7.1 | 11.2 | 25.3 | <0.001 | – |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 3.0 | 7.1 | 15.7 | 53.4 | <0.001 | – |
| White matter hypersensitivities (%) | 7.6 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 12.1 | 0.029 | – |
Notes: Data are expressed as the mean (SD) or percentage. * P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis or Pearson’s chi-square tests. ** Post hoc analysis with the Bonferroni method: a, Q1 versus Q2; b, Q1 versus Q3; c, Q1 versus Q4; d, Q2 versus Q3; e, Q2 versus Q4, and f, Q3 versus Q4.
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.