Table 2.
Change in cardiac inflows and outflows, interventricular dependence, and inferior vena cava diameter change during peak inspiration, compared with end-expiration
| MUL patients (n = 23) |
Control subjects (n = 23) |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean or median | SD or range | Mean or median | SD or range | ||
| Right heart | |||||
| IVC max diameter, cm | 0.80 | 0.50–1.80 | 1.19 | 0.60–1.86 | 0.063 |
| IVC min diameter, cm | 0.50 | 0.20–1.16 | 0.46 | 0.16–1.12 | 0.466 |
| IVC diameter | –39 | 21 | –59 | 11 | < 0.001 |
| HV S-wave | 50 | –5 – 219 | 69 | 26–189 | 0.162 |
| HV S/D-ratio | –26 | –47–57 | –21 | –64–34 | 0.432 |
| HV A-wave velocity | 37 | –39–269 | 67 | 0–113 | 0.442 |
| A-wave duration | 5 | –36–128 | 36 | –7–165 | 0.011 |
| HV D-wave velocity early expirium, cm/s | 39 | 15 | 42 | 13 | 0.489 |
| HV A-wave velocity early expirium, cm/s | 46 | 15 | 31 | 9 | < 0.001 |
| HV A/D -ratio early expirium | 1.32 | 0.67 | 0.79 | 0.27 | < 0.001 |
| TV E-wave | 58 | 18–156 | 36 | 8–81 | 0.004 |
| TV A-wave | 32 | –26–120 | 8 | –16–66 | 0.166 |
| TV E/A-ratio | 26 | 37 | 25 | 29 | 0.768 |
| Pulmonary artery peak velocity | 16 | 12 | 0 | 4 | < 0.001 |
| Left heart | |||||
| PV S-wave | –19 | 28 | 4 | 31 | 0.010 |
| PV D-wave | –20 | 26 | 7 | 17 | < 0.001 |
| MV E-wave | –15 | 9 | 3 | 7 | < 0.001 |
| MV A-wave | –4 | 26 | 21 | 37 | 0.010 |
| MV E/A ratio | –13 | –36–61 | –14 | –43–72 | 0.796 |
| Ascending aorta peak velocity | –7 | 16 | –1 | 3 | 0.033 |
| LV eccentricity index in diastole | |||||
| End expiratory | 0.99 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.125 |
| Peak inspiratory | 0.81 | 0.12 | 0.95 | 0.07 | < 0.001 |
| Absolute change | –0.18 | 0.10 | –0.06 | 0.06 | < 0.001 |
| LV eccentricity index in systole | |||||
| End expiratory | 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.248 |
| Peak inspiratory | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.99 | 0.03 | 0.257 |
| Absolute change | –0.02 | 0.05 | 0.009 | 0.05 | 0.045 |
Values are %, unless otherwise indicated. Septal bounce is reported as absolute change in LV eccentricity index from end expiration to peak inspiration.
A, late-diastolic; D, diastolic; E, early diastolic; HV, hepatic vein; IVC, inferior vena cava; LV, left ventricle; MUL, mulibrey nanism; MV, mitral valve; PV, pulmonary vein; S, systolic; TV, tricuspid valve.