Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of CRIC Study Participants by Quartiles of Fasting DCA Level
| Total N = 3,147 | Quartile 1 n = 786 DCA 2.0-23.1 ng/mL | Quartile 2 n = 787 DCA 23.2-68.4 ng/mL | Quartile 3 n = 787 DCA 68.5-148.9 ng/mL | Quartile 4 n = 787 DCA >148.9 ng/mL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 58 ± 11 | 59 ± 11 | 59 ± 11 | 60 ± 10 |
| Female, N (%) | 358 (45.6) | 361 (45.9) | 341 (43.3) | 367 (46.6) |
| African American, N (%) | 344 (43.8) | 329 (41.8) | 293 (37.2) | 311 (39.5) |
| Hispanic, N (%) | 81 (10.3) | 92 (11.7) | 97 (12.3) | 91 (11.6) |
| Current smoking, N (%) | 113 (14.4) | 97 (12.3) | 81 (10.3) | 88 (11.2) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.1 ± 8.0 | 31.9 ± 7.4 | 32.3 ± 7.9 | 32.4 ± 7.8 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 126 ± 21 | 127 ± 23 | 126 ± 21 | 127 ± 21 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 403 (51.3) | 377 (47.9) | 332 (42.2) | 398 (50.6) |
| History of CVD, N (%) | 290 (36.9) | 268 (34.1) | 268 (34.1) | 273 (34.7) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 180.6 ± 43.4 | 183.1 ± 45.2 | 182.3 ± 43.1 | 183.0 ± 43.7 |
| Statin use, N (%) | 506 (64.4) | 466 (59.2) | 440 (55.9) | 432 (54.9) |
| No. of BP medications | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 2.4 ± 1.3 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 41.0 ± 16.2 | 42.1 ± 16.5 | 43.6 ± 15.7 | 43.3 ± 15.6 |
| Urinary protein, g/24 h | 0.20 (0.07-1.07) | 0.18 (0.07-1.00) | 0.16 (0.07-0.80) | 0.15 (0.07-0.78) |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 4.02 ± 0.45 | 4.02 ± 0.45 | 4.08 ± 0.41 | 4.08 ± 0.42 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 9.27 ± 0.53 | 9.29 ± 0.51 | 9.32 ± 0.51 | 9.31 ± 0.51 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 1.80 (1.13-2.95) | 1.74 (1.08-2.84) | 1.82 (1.05-2.95) | 1.93 (1.21-3.17) |
| CRP, mg/L | 2.63 (1.08-6.87) | 2.34 (1.03-6.00) | 2.53 (0.94-5.74) | 2.38 (1.02-5.99) |
| Phosphate, mg/dL | 3.91 ± 1.24 | 3.85 ± 0.89 | 3.89 ± 1.17 | 3.83 ± 0.81 |
| PTH, pg/mL | 61.9 (39.6-105.0) | 62.0 (40.0-101.0) | 58.1 (40.0-92.4) | 62.0 (39.0-93.7) |
| FGF23, RU/mL | 164.0 (101.2-304.0) | 147.3 (92.6-285.9) | 132.1 (94.3-252.8) | 143.1 (89.9-263.6) |
Note: Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed data or as median and interquartile range for skewed data. Categorical variables are presented as total number and proportions.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DCA, deoxycholic acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; IL-6, interleukin 6; PTH, parathyroid hormone.