Fig. 3.

Adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of various potential risk factors for COVID-19 symptom development. The values were estimated based on the best-fit binomial generalized linear-mixed model M2, in which the effects of the mutation 11 083G>T, patient gender and age on the disease outcome were treated as fixed effects, and the effects of country sampling and virus phylogenetic relatedness were considered random effects. The model allowed each individual virus and country to have varying baseline chances of symptom development while adjusting for the virus phylogenetic structure. See model specification in Table S6 and estimated parameter values in Table S7.