Table 3.

Causes of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization events.

Causes	Study
Social pressures: peer grouping, social success	[4,19,37]
Web-based behavior: security awareness, social tendencies	[28,30]
Self-concept: identity development, social status, educational status	[19,37]
Public perception: perceived appearance, nonverbal interactions	[39]
Familial issues: marital status, home environment, parental relationships	[4,23,26]