Table 2.
Comparisons between knowledge, attitudes, and barriers scores according to Gender, University rank and University type by Mann–whitney test
| Scores | Gender | P-value | Top1000 Universities | P-value | University type | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Yes | No | Public | Private | ||||
| Knowledge score | 2.08 (1.6) | 2.11 (1.5) | 0.22 | 2.47 (1.61 | 2.02 (1.58) | < 0.001* | 2.11 (1.58) | 2.05 (1.64) | 0.266 |
| Research usefulness for profession | 24.0 (3.1) | 24.3 (2.7) | 0.01* | 24.93 (2.64) | 24.29 (2.96) | < 0.001* | 24.66 (2.69) | 23.48 (3.47) | < 0.001* |
| Research anxiety | 15.42 (3.6) | 14.71 (4.0) | < 0.001* | 14.76 (4.04) | 15.05 (3.87) | 0.127 | 15.07 (3.95) | 14.71 (3.72) | 0.541 |
| Positive attitudes towards research | 17.5 (3.3) | 17.58 (3.4) | 0.69 | 17.43 (3.65) | 17.58 (3.32) | 0.886 | 17.7 (3.3) | 16.9 (3.58) | 0.004* |
| Relevance to life | 9.03 (1.7) | 9.22 (1.8) | < 0.001* | 9.33 (1.88) | 9.1 (1.79) | 0.004* | 9.18 (1.82) | 9.01 (1.76) | 0.009* |
| Research difficulty | 5.70 (1.5) | 5.49 (1.6) | 0.75 | 5.69 (1.62) | 5.55 (1.52) | 0.081 | 5.55 (1.55) | 5.68 (1.5) | 0.487 |
| Burden of Barriers score | 77.5 (11) | 77.97 (10.9) | 0.366 | 77.94 (10.35) | 77.3 (11.1) | 0.669 | 78.14 (11.01) | 76.43 (10.72) | 0.001* |
Scores are presented as Mean (SD)