Table 5.
The association between olfactory dysfunction and nutritional markers
| Total cholesterol | LDL-cholesterol | Grip strength | Albumin | Protein-Energy malnutrition | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | p-value* | Odds ratio | p-value* | Odds ratio | p-value* | Odds ratio | p-value* | Odds ratio | p-value* | |
| Controls (without CKD) | Per 10 mg/dl decrease | Per 10 mg/dl decrease | Per 10 kg decrease | Per 1 mg/dl decrease | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 0.004 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.11) | 0.06 | 1.16 (1.09, 1.23) | 0.004 | 2.00 (1.37, 2.94) | 0.02 | 1.26(0.68, 2.34) | 0.44 |
| Model 2 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.32 | 1.02 (0.97, 1.09) | 0.60 | 1.25 (1.15, 1.37) | 0.006 | 1.56 (0.89, 2.70) | 0.60 | 1.01 0.50, 2.09) | 0.98 |
| CKD (eGFR< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) | ||||||||||
| Model 1 | 1.04(0.90, 1.10) | 0.13 | 1.03 (0.87, 1.23) | 0.62 | 1.37 (1.20, 1.56) | 0.004 | 2.44 (1.33, 4.54) | 0.02 | 0.81 (0.40, 1.63) | 0.77 |
| Model 2 | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | 0.94 | 0.99 (0.83, 1.18) | 0.95 | 1.72 (1.39, 2.13) | 0.005 | 2.94 (1.39, 6.25) | 0.08 | 0.88 (0.28, 2.76) | 0.96 |
Model 1 was univariable model
Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, race, educational attainment, marital status, family income to poverty ratio, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, history of cardiovascular disease, history of cancer and depression
*p-value was calculated by Sidak-Holm technique to adjust for multiple comparisons