Table 2:
Patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and comorbidities stratified by patients’ admittance to the ICU
| All patients (N = 119) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admitted to ICU | Unadjusted OR [95% CI] | P-value | ||
| No (n = 42) | Yes (n = 77) | |||
| Time from hospital admission to anakinra initiation, mean (SD) days | 5.2 (4.6) | 8.4 (6.5) | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] | 0.002 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 14 (32.6) | 29 (67.4) | 1.2 [0.5, 2.7] | 0.64 |
| Male | 28 (36.8) | 48 (63.2) | Ref | |
| Age, mean (SD) years | 62.4 (12.6) | 65.9 (12.3) | 1.0 [1.0, 1.1] | 0.14 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Black | 11 (30.6) | 25 (69.4) | Ref | 0.84 |
| Hispanic | 5 (26.3) | 14 (73.7) | 1.2 [0.4, 4.3] | |
| White | 3 (21.4) | 11 (78.6) | 1.6 [0.4, 7.0] | |
| Mixed | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | 0.7 [0.1, 1.5] | |
| Missing | 21(46.7) | 24 (53.3) | ||
| Area of location, n (%) | ||||
| Rural | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Urban | 42 (35.3) | 77 (64.7) | ||
| Hospital size, n (%) | ||||
| <500 beds | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | Ref | 0.66 |
| ≥500 beds | 41 (36.0) | 73 (64.0) | 0.5 [0.1, 4.1] | |
| Hospital teaching type, n (%) | ||||
| Major teaching | 41 (34.7) | 77 (65.3) | ||
| Non-teaching | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Oxygen use [count], mean (SD) | 2.7 (5.2) | 12.1 (12.7) | 1.2 [1.1, 1.3] | <0.0001 |
| Anakinra initiated before ICU | ||||
| No | 42 (37.5) | 70 (62.5) | 0.05 | |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 7 (100) | ||
| Number of comorbiditiesa | ||||
| 0 | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | Ref | 0.36 |
| 1 | 7 (58.3) | 5.(41.7) | 1.1 [0.1, 9.0] | |
| 2 | 10 (40.0) | 15 (60.0) | 1.3 [0.3, 16.0] | |
| ≥3 | 22 (40.0) | 55 (60.0) | 3.8 [0.6, 24.0] | |
| Types of comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 32 (34.8) | 60 (65.2) | 1.1 [0.5, 2.7] | 0.83 |
| Diabetes | 22 (33.8) | 43 (66.2) | 1.1 [0.5, 2.5] | 0.72 |
| Pulmonary diseases | 15 (25.4) | 44 (74.6) | 2.4 [1.1, 5.2] | 0.03 |
| Obesity | 14 (38.9) | 22 (61.1) | 0.8 [0.4, 1.8] | 0.59 |
| Renal conditions | 14 (28.6) | 35 (71.4) | 1.7 [0.8, 3.7] | 0.20 |
| Congestive heart failure | 9 (25.7) | 26 (74.3) | 1.9 [0.8, 4.5] | 0.16 |
| COPD | 3 (17.6) | 14 (82.4) | 2.9 [0.8, 10.7] | 0.10 |
| MI | 2 (11.8) | 15 (88.2) | 4.8 [1.1, 22.3] | 0.03 |
| Liver disease | 3 (30.0) | 7 (70.0) | 1.3 [0.3, 5.3] | 1.00 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | 4.8 [0.6, 39.4] | 0.16 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 1.1 [0.2, 6.3] | 1.00 |
| Rheumatologic autoimmune conditions | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | ||
| CCI score, mean (SD) | 4.1 (4.4) | 5.0 (3.7) | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] | 0.07 |
| CCI score, categorical n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 9 (60.0) | 6 (40.0) | Ref | 0.007 |
| 1 | 12 (57.1) | 9 (42.9) | 1.1 [0.3, 4.3] | |
| 2 | 2 (20.0) | 8 (80.0) | 6.0 [0.9, 38.6] | |
| ≥3 | 19.(26.0) | 54 (74.0) | 4.3 [1.3, 13.6] | |
CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CI, Wald confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; Ref, reference level. OR [95% CI]: odds ratio with 95% confidence interval from logistic regression model of ICU admission. P-value: Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. P-value in italic: Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
Comorbidities included: diabetes, hypertension, pulmonary diseases, heart diseases (any of MI, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease), renal diseases, liver diseases, obesity.