Table 3:
Patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and comorbidities stratified by patients who were discharged alive or died in hospital
| All patients (N = 119) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality status | Unadjusted OR [95% CI] | P-value | Adjusted OR [95% CI]a | P-valueb | ||
| Discharged alive (n = 77) | Deceased (n = 42) | |||||
| Time from hospital admission to anakinra initiation, mean (SD) days | 6.1 (4.9) | 9.4 (7.4) | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] | 0.01 | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] | 0.011 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
| Female | 29 (67.4) | 14 (32.6) | 0.8 [0.4,1.8] | 0.64 | 0.6 [0.3, 1.5] | 0.283 |
| Male | 48 (63.2) | 28 (36.8) | Ref | 1 [Ref] | ||
| Age, mean (±SD) years | 63.3 (11.4) | 67.3 (14.1) | 1.0 [1.0, 1.1] | 1.0 [1.0, 1.1] | 0.115 | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Black | 21 (58.3) | 15 (41.7) | Ref | 1.00 | 1 [Ref] | |
| Hispanic | 11 (57.9) | 8 (42.1) | 1.0 [0.3, 3.1] | 0.1 [0.3, 3.4] | 0.995 | |
| White | 8 (57.1) | 6 (42.9) | 1.1 [0.3, 3.7] | 0.6 [0.1, 2.9] | 0.521 | |
| Mixed | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | 0.9 [0.1, 6.3] | 1.1 [0.1, 9.1] | 0.919 | |
| Missingc | 34 (75.6) | 11 (24.4) | 0.5 [0.2, 1.5] | 0.229 | ||
| Area of location, n (%) | ||||||
| Rural | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Urban | 77 (64.7) | 42 (35.3) | ||||
| Hospital size, n (%) | ||||||
| <500 beds | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | Ref | 0.05 | ||
| ≥500 beds | 76 (66.7) | 38 (33.3) | 0.1 [0.0, 1.2] | |||
| Hospital teaching type, n (%) | ||||||
| Major teaching | 76 (64.4) | 42 (35.6) | ||||
| Non-teaching | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Oxygen use [count], mean (SD) | 9.6 (13.4) | 7.3 (7.0) | 1.0 [0.9, 1.0] | 0.30 | 0.8 [0.9,1.0] | 0.06 |
| ICU admission | 39 (50.6) | 38 (49.4) | 9.3 [3.0,28.5] | <0.0001 | ||
| Number of comorbiditiesd | ||||||
| 0 | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | Ref | 0.71 | ||
| 1 | 10 (83.3) | 2 (16.7) | 0.3 [0.0, 3.1] | |||
| 2 | 18 (72.0) | 7 (28.0) | 0.6 [0.1, 4.3] | |||
| ≥ 3 | 46 (60.0) | 31 (40.0) | 1.0 [0.2, 6.4] | |||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 59 (64.1) | 33 (35.9) | 1.1 [0.5, 2.8] | 0.81 | ||
| Diabetes | 45 (69.2) | 20 (30.8) | 0.7 [0.3, 1.4] | 0.26 | ||
| Pulmonary diseases | 36 (61.0) | 23 (39.0) | 1.4 [0.7, 2.9] | 0.4 | ||
| Obesity | 28 (77.8) | 8 (22.2) | 0.4 [0.2, 1.0] | 0.05 | ||
| Renal conditions | 25 (51.0) | 24 (49.0) | 2.8 [1.3, 6.0] | 0.01 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 22 (62.9) | 13 (37.1) | 1.1 [0.5, 2.6] | 0.79 | ||
| COPD | 12 (70.6) | 5 (29.4) | 0.7 [0.2, 2.2] | 0.58 | ||
| MI | 5 (29.4) | 12 (70.6) | 5.8 [1.9, 17.8] | <0.01 | ||
| Liver disease | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 3 [0.8, 11.5] | 0.16 | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 2.5 [0.6, 9.7] | 0.28 | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | 0.9 [0.2, 5.2] | 1.00 | ||
| Rheumatologic autoimmune conditions | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | ||||
| CCI score, mean (±SD) | 4.2 (3.8) | 5.5 (4.1) | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] | 0.07 | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2] | 0.186 |
| CCI score, categorical n (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 10 (66.7) | 5 (33.3) | Ref | 0.31 | ||
| 1 | 17(81.0) | 4 (19.0) | 0.5 [0.1, 2.2] | |||
| 2 | 7 (70.0) | 3 (30.0) | 0.9 [0.2, 4.8] | |||
| ≥3 | 43 (58.9) | 30 (41.1) | 1.4 [0.4, 4.5] | |||
CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CI, Wald confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; Ref, reference level. OR [95% CI]: odds ratio with 95% confidence interval from logistic regression model of death in hospital. P-value: Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. P-value in italic: Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
Adjusted for time from hospital admission to anakinra initiation, age, gender, ethnicity, oxygen use, and CCI score.
P-value: Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables.
Includes patients with discordant ethnicity information between the two consumer data sources (Acxiom and Epsilon).
Comorbidities included: diabetes, hypertension, pulmonary diseases, heart diseases (any of MI, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease), renal diseases, liver diseases, obesity.