Table 2.
Detailed Information Regarding All Cases.
Demographics of Coronial Post-Vaccination Deaths |
Results of Ancillary Investigations Performed |
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Case No. | Age | Gender | Vaccine | Dose | Number of days post-vaccination | Autopsy | Cause of Death | Signs of Anaphylaxisa | Total Tryptase (ug/l) | IgE (IU/mL) | CRP (mg/L) | Histological Featuresb |
1 | 86 | Female | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 2 | Yes | Spontaneous acute right intracerebral hemorrhage | No | 5.3 | N.A.c | 197 | No |
2 | 67 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 2 | Yes | Sigmoid volvulus | No | 4.4 | N.A.c | 28.8 | No |
3 | 74 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 0 | Yes | Coronary artery disease | No | 18.7 | 28.8 | 1.9 | No |
4 | 86 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 2 | Yes | Bleeding duodenal ulcer | No | 5.8 | 129 | 18.4 | No |
5 | 63 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 1 | Yes | Ischemic heart disease | No | 20.2 | 2529 | 1 | No |
6 | 67 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 3 | Yes | Hypertensive and ischemic heart disease | No | 18.9 | 23.9 | 3.9 | No |
7 | 76 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 2 | Yes | Ischemic heart disease | No | 102 | 27.5 | 21.2 | No |
8 | 91 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 1 | Yes | Ruptured acute myocardial infarction | No | 6.1 | 311 | 89.8 | No |
9 | 76 | Female | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 1 | Yes | Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured berry aneurysm | No | 20.1 | 62.9 | 7 | No |
10 | 80 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 0 | Yes | Ischemic heart disease | No | 8.1 | 4405 | 1.7 | No |
11 | 86 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 1 | Yes | Ischemic heart disease | No | 6.2 | 1 | 4.8 | No |
12 | 94 | Female | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 1 | Yes | Hypertensive heart disease | No | 14.9 | 113 | 1 | No |
13 | 69 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 0 | Yes | Ischemic heart disease | No | 17.7 | 502 | 0.3 | No |
14d | 72 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 0 | No | Pneumonia | – | – | – | – | – |
15 | 63 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 0 | Yes | Ruptured ascending aortic dissection | No | 9.2 | 245 | 0.6 | No |
16 | 53 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 1 | Yes | Acute right coronary thrombosis | No | 7.4 | Rejected | Rejected | Yes |
17 | 69 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 0 | Yes | Severe interstitial lung disease with coronary artery disease | No | 4.8 | 17.8 | 19 | No |
18d | 72 | Female | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 1 | No | 1a) Sepsis from pneumonia and UTI b) Acute myocardial infarction | – | – | – | – | – |
19 | 23 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 1 | Yes | Severe obesity, with associated cardiomyopathy, hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea | No | > 200 | 594 | 16.8 | No |
20 | 80 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 3 | No | Coronary artery disease with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | – | – | – | – | – |
21d | 65 | Male | Moderna | 2 | 1 | Yes | Head injury | No | 39.2 | 173 | 28.1 | No |
22d | 56 | Male | Moderna | 2 | 1 | Yes | Cerebral infarction with hemorrhage | No | > 200 | 35.3 | Rejected | No |
23 | 52 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 1 | Yes | Coronary artery disease | No | 28.8 | 9.6 | 5.5 | No |
24 | 53 | Male | Moderna | 2 | 2 | Yes | Right coronary artery anomalous origin with atherosclerotic ostial stenosis | No | 9.1 | 279 | 17.3 | No |
25 | 51 | Male | Moderna | 2 | 3 | Yes | Coronary artery disease | No | 20.4 | 19.8 | 5.9 | No |
26 | 53 | Female | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 1 | Yes | Coronary atherosclerosis | No | 8.4 | 42.5 | 10.1 | No |
27d | 33 | Male | Moderna | 2 | 1 | Yes | Consistent with multi organ failure following cardiac arrest due to right ventricular dysplasia | No | 10.3 | 243 | 155 | No |
28 | 39 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 0 | Yes | Ischemic heart disease | No | 43.4 | 513 | 2.4 | No |
29 | 72 | Female | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 2 | Yes | Ischemic heart disease | No | 44.5 | 6.3 | 0.5 | No |
20 | 60 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 2 | Yes | Ischemic heart disease | No | 9.7 | 24 | 2.3 | No |
31 | 96 | Female | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 2 | No | Coronary artery disease | – | – | – | – | – |
32 | 86 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 | 0 | No | Hypertensive heart disease | – | – | – | – | – |
33 | 67 | Male | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 | 1 | Yes | Head injury | No | 52 | 59.3 | 3.2 | No |
Table 2 lists the details of all 33 cases of this study, comprising 28 who had undergone an autopsy and 5 cases who were not subjected to an autopsy. The majority (84.8%) of the cases received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine as this was the first and initially only vaccine available in Singapore at the time. No signs of anaphylaxis or histological features suggesting anaphylaxis, myocarditis and thrombosis were present in all cases who underwent an autopsy. Serum total tryptase was greater than 43 in 6 cases.
Refers to signs such as facial (including periorbital, lips etc.) or airway edema, skin changes (e.g. rash, urticaria)
Refers to the presence of eosinophilic infiltration, the presence of myocarditis and/or thrombosis
Not part of initial sampling protocol
Cases who sustained neurological or cardiovascular compromise requiring medical resuscitation within 72 h of receiving the vaccine and subsequently demised after a period of hospitalization