TABLE 1.
Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black Women in the Obstetric Literature
| References | Study Design | No. Participants | Measure of Association | Hispanic | Non-Hispanic Black | Non-Hispanic White | P | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blitz et al5 | Retrospective cohort | 403 | Racial-ethnic-specific prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 | 31.9% | 21.3% | 14.1% | <0.008 | Comparison across all racial-ethnic (R/E) groups |
| Emeruwa et al10 | Retrospective cohort | 673 | Racial-ethnic-specific prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 | 18.1%* | 12.7% | 9.4% | <0.01* | Reference group: non-Hispanic white |
| Onwuzurike et al11 | Retrospective cohort | 44 | Proportion of SARS-CoV-2-positive cohort (relative to proportion of clinic population) | 48% (30%) | 34% (30%) | — (20%) | ||
| Prasannan et al12 | Cross-sectional | 4873 | SARS-CoV-2 test positivity rate (relative to proportion of delivering cohort) | 32% (19%) | 16% (13%) | 34% (46%) | <0.001 | Comparison across all R/E groups |
| Odds ratio for prediction of SARS-CoV-2 PCR test positivity | 1.726 (1.134-2.677)* | 1.769 (1.144-2.776)* | 1.439 (0.976-2.175)† | <0.02* 0.08† | Reference group: Asian | |||
| Flannery et al13 | Retrospective cohort | 1293 | Racial-ethnic-specific SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity rate | 10.4%* | 9.7%† | 2.0%† | 0.04* <0.001† | Comparison against all others not in R/E category |
| Sakowicz et al14 | Retrospective cohort | 1418 | Proportion of SARS-CoV-2-positive cohort (relative to proportion of tested cohort) | 53.5% (22%) | 28% (12%) | 23% (56%) | <0.001 | Race and ethnicity analyzed as separate variables |
| Odds ratio for outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection status | 4.71 (3.10-7.17)* | 6.67 (3.73-11.91)† | Reference group*: non-Hispanic white† | |||||
| Grechukhina et al15 | Retrospective case series | 1567 | Proportion of SARS-CoV-2-positive cohort (relative to proportion of tested cohort) | 43.8% (23.5%) | 21.6% (13.8%) | 27.3% (54.2%) | 0.19 | Comparison across all R/E groups (P<0.001 compared with non-Hispanic) |
| Pineles et al16 | Retrospective cohort | 935 | Proportion of SARS-CoV-2-positive cohort (relative to proportion of tested cohort) | 73% (56%) | 8% (13%) | 1% (3%) | 0.015 | Comparison across all R/E groups |
| Adjusted risk ratio | 3.11 (1.12-8.64) | Reference group: non-Hispanic | ||||||
| Joseph et al17 | Retrospective cohort | 1882 | Racial-ethnic-specific prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 | 15.8% | 3.8% | 0% | <0.001 | Comparison across all R/E groups |
| Goldfarb et al18 | Prospective cohort | 136 | Ethnicity-specific SARS-CoV-2 test positivity rate | 72% (vs. 27%) | Reference group: non-Hispanic | |||
| Buhimschi et al19 | Prospective cohort | 369 | Proportion of SARS-CoV-2-positive cohort (relative to proportion of tested cohort) | 31% (20%) | 66% (57%) | 3% (11%) |
COVID-19 indicates coronavirus disease 2019; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.