Fig. 3.

Relationships hypothesized to be important – here represented as frequency heat maps – between the number of reported difficulties that respondents faced during the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of gardening for food production (a), saving money (b), and nature connection (c) during the pandemic (Likert scale 1-5 of increasing importance). Relationships between the reported number of food concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of gardening for food production (d), saving money (e), and knowing where food comes from (f) during the pandemic (Likert scale 1-5 of increasing importance). Dark purple blocks indicate lower frequency (or density) of respondents with the response, whereas yellow and orange blocks indicate higher frequency (or density) of respondents. For example, in b, many respondents with few COVID-19 difficulties reported that saving money through gardening was not at all important (*), while for the few respondents with many food concerns, saving money was very important (**). On the other hand, in c, very few respondents reported that nature connection was not important, regardless of how many difficulties they reported to experience (***), instead ranking high importance of nature connection across difficulties reported (****). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).