. 2021 Sep 14;23(9):e29136. doi: 10.2196/29136

Table 2.

Characteristics of technologies in the studies.

Characteristics			Studies (n=126), n (%)		Reference
Technology type^a
	Telemedicine	107 (84.9)		[13-119]
	Clinical decision support tools	11 (8.7)		[78,80-83,88,89,117,120-122]
	Robotic systems	6 (4.8)		[123-128]
	Symptom trackers	6 (4.8)		[78,122,129-132]
	Dashboards	5 (4.0)		[78,93,117,133,134]
	Electronic health records	4 (3.2)		[44,117,132,135]
	Patient portals	3 (2.4)		[76,83,117]
	Educational platforms	2 (1.6)		[136,137]
	Triage tools	1 (0.8)		[93]
	Reporting system	1 (0.8)		[83]
	Low-dose computed tomography	1 (0.8)		[138]
Mode of telemedicine^b
	Synchronous	83 (76.9)		[13-22,25,26,28,30,31,33,34,36-45,47,49-51,54-59,62-64,66-76,78,79,82-89,92,93,96,97, 99-103,105,107-116,118,119]
	Asynchronous	8 (7.4)		[23,24,48,81,91,94,98,129]
	Both	17 (15.7)		[27,29,32,35,46,52,53,60,61,65,77,80,90,95,104,106,117]
Technology aim^a
	Consultation	75 (59.5)		[13-87]
	Follow up	45 (35.7)		[50-81,90,95-102,106,107,116,138]
	Monitoring health status	22 (17.4)		[78,85-87,93,94,103-108,117,122,126-132,134]
	Education	14 (11.1)		[46,47,49-52,77,91-94,107,136,137]
	Triage	12 (9.5)		[52,78,79,82-84,87-90,93,117]
	Treatment	12 (9.5)		[47,79,85,86,110-116,125]
	Diagnosing	8 (6.3)		[45-47,89,117,126-128]
	Screening	4 (3.2)		[80,81,109,124]
	Accessing patient records	4 (3.2)		[44,117,132,135]
	Monitoring health services	4 (3.2)		[93,117,133,134]
	Decision making	3 (2.4)		[117,120,122]
	Generating reports	3 (2.4)		[78,83,117]
	Clinical assessment	2 (1.6)		[92,119]
	Administrative support	2 (1.6)		[118,119]
	Medical data exchange	2 (1.6)		[83,117]
	Connecting patients and families	2 (1.6)		[93,108]
	Booking appointments	2 (1.6)		[78,117]
	Drug delivery	1 (0.8)		[48]
	Prognosis	1 (0.8)		[121]
	Personal assistant	1 (0.8)		[123]
Technology development^a,c
	Built for purpose	46 (58.2)		[20,25,29,34,41,44,45,47,49,51,56,58,61,69,70,73,76,80,81,83,86,89-91,93-95,101,104-107,114, 115,119,120,122,123,125-128,131,132,135,136]
	Purpose-shifted	45 (57.0)		[14-16,18,20,23-26,31,34,37-39,47,50,53,54,57,62-64,67,69-72,74-77,87,90,96,97,100,101,107, 108,111,113,115,117,120,137]
Social media and videoconferencing platforms^a
	Zoom	22 (17.5)		[16,25,31,34,37,50,57,62,67,69,70,72,74-77,87,108,111,113,115,137]
	WhatsApp	12 (9.5)		[23-25,38,53,54,57,62,63,90,100,120]
	FaceTime	6 (4.8)		[20,72,76,97,101,108]
	WeChat	5 (4.0)		[14,15,71,96,107]
	WebEx	5 (4.0)		[47,64,108,111,115]
	Google Duo	5 (4.0)		[20,25,62,76,101]
	Skype	4 (3.2)		[26,62,76,100]
	Telegram	3 (2.4)		[25,62,90]
	Messenger	2 (1.6)		[25,90]
Target users
	Health consumers and health care professionals	103 (81.7)		[13-32,34-41,43,45-60,62-84,86-93,95-102,104-118,123,131,132,138]
	Health care professionals	15 (11.9)		[33,42,44,59,85,103,119,121,125-128,135-137]
	Health consumers	5 (4.0)		[61,94,124,129,130]
	Decision makers	3 (2.4)		[122,133,134]
Target conditions^a
	COVID-19	38 (30.2)		[26,29,44,45,52,75,78,81,85,88,89,93-95,103,104,106-109,117-119,121,122,124,126-136,138]
	Any conditions	21 (16.7)		[15,18,25,28,35,40,48,49,54,55,73,79,80,83,84,90,100,102,105,123,137]
	Mental conditions	13 (10.3)		[31,33,42,50,74,76,87,91,111-115]
	Cardiovascular conditions	9 (7.1)		[14,61,65,68,86,96,97,120,125]
	Cancer conditions	6 (4.8)		[16,32,46,66,77,82]
	Neurological conditions	6 (4.8)		[20,23,30,58,62,101]
	Prenatal and postnatal conditions	6 (4.8)		[41,47,56,59,60,110]
	Diabetes	5 (4.0)		[13,17,21,37,99]
	Orthodontic conditions	4 (3.2)		[39,43,69,70]
	Rheumatic conditions	4 (3.2)		[22,27,38,63]
	Ophthalmic conditions	3 (2.4)		[24,53,71]
	Urologic conditions	3 (2.4)		[72,92,134]
	Dermatological conditions	3 (2.4)		[19,57,64]
	Ear, nose, and throat conditions	2 (1.6)		[67,116]
	Liver conditions	2 (1.6)		[36,98]
	Gastrointestinal conditions	1 (0.8)		[36,91]
	Orthodontic conditions	1 (0.8)		[34]
	Reproductive conditions	1 (0.8)		[87]
	Transplant conditions	1 (0.8)		[51]
Setting^a
	Hospitals	81 (64.3)		[13-15,17,18,21-23,27-35,37,41-44,48,50-60,64,66,69-73,77,79,80,82,85,88-90,92-94,96-100, 102-108,110,116-123,126-128,133-135,137,138]
	Medical clinics	46 (36.5)		[16,19,20,24-26,36,38-41,45-47,49,52,57,61-63,65,67,68,74-76,83,84,86-88,93,95,101,109,111-115, 117,123,125,131,132]
	Community	7 (5.6)		[78,91,123,124,129,130,136]
Internet connectivity^a
	Web-based	106 (84.1)		[13-16,18-20,23-32,34-39,41,43-54,56-58,60-65,67,69-81,83-90,92-98,100-115,117,119,120,122, 125-133,135-137]
	Non–web-based	63 (50)		[13,17,20-24,26-33,35,40,42,43,46,49,52,53,55,59-62,65-68,74,76,77,79,81,82,84,88-93,95,97,99,101, 102,104,106,112,115-118,120,121,123,124,134,138]
Modes^a
	Mobile apps	86 (68.3)		[13-16,18-20,23-26,28,30-32,34,36-39,41,43-45,47,49,50,53,54,56,57,61-65,67,69-78,80,81,84-88,90, 92-94,96-98,100-115,117,120,122,129-132,135,137]
	Desktop apps	73 (57.9)		[14,16,19,20,23-26,28-32,34-38,47,50,52-54,57,58,62-65,67,69-78,80,82,83,85,87-90,92,93,96,100, 101,105,107-111,113-115,119-121,131,133,134,137,138]
	Telephone calls	49 (38.9)		[13,17,20-24,27-33,35,40,42,43,46,49,52,53,55,59-62,65-68,76,77,79,82,84,90,92,97,99,101, 102,104,106,112,115-118]
	Websites	45 (35.7)		[14-16,20,23-26,31,34,37,38,46,47,50,51,53,57,62-64,67,69-72,74-77,83,87,90,95,96,100,101,107, 108,111,113,115,120,136,137]
	Emails	13 (10.3)		[27,29,32,35,46,53,57,60,65,77,90,95,117]
	Robot	6 (4.8)		[123-128]
	Text messages	2 (1.6)		[48,91]
	Interphone	1 (0.8)		[26]
	Automated vital-sign monitor	1 (0.8)		[93]
	Closed-circuit television cameras	1 (0.8)		[103]
	Headset	1 (0.8)		[119]

^aNumbers do not add to total.

^bNumber of telemedicine studies (n=108) was used to calculate percentages.

^cWe were able to identify the type of technology development in 79 studies; therefore, we used this number to calculate percentages.