Table 2.
Univariate association between sociodemographic variables and mental health outcomes.
| Variables | Depression |
Anxiety |
Stress |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age group | ||||||
| 18–25 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 26–35 years | 0.84 | 1.04 (0.70–1.55) | 0.11 | 0.69 (0.44–1.1) | 0.85 | 0.96 (0.64–1.45) |
| 36–50 years | 0.12 | 0.68 (0.42–1.11) | 0.03∗ | 0.50 (0.27–0.91) | 0.26 | 0.75 (0.45–1.25) |
| Residential area | ||||||
| Village | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Metropolitan city | <0.001∗∗∗ | 2.3 (1.6–3.4) | <0.001∗∗∗ | 3.4 (2.06–5.63) | <0.001∗∗∗ | 3.1 (2.06–4.74) |
| Peri urban city | 0.11 | 1.5 (0.91–2.5) | 0.76 | 1.1 (0.54–2.36) | 0.01∗∗ | 2.0 (1.16–3.45) |
| Suburban city | 0.95 | 0.98 (0.50–1.91) | 0.04∗ | 2.2 (1.01–4.95) | 0.07 | 1.9 (0.94–3.73) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Student | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Service holder | 0.344 | 0.77 (0.45–1.33) | 0.55 | 0.83 (0.45–1.52) | 0.83 | 0.94 (0.55–1.62) |
| Housewife | 0.008∗∗ | 0.49 (0.29–0.83) | 0.01∗∗ | 0.49 (0.24–0.83) | 0.004∗∗ | 0.45 (0.26–0.78) |
| Business | 0.139 | 0.34 (0.08–1.42) | 0.97 | 0.34 (0.08–1.42) | 0.81 | 0.84 (0.22–3.27) |
| Other (Day labourer) | 0.117 | 0.26 (0.05–1.40) | 1.00 | -- | 0.12 | 0.18 (0.02–1.55) |
| Education | ||||||
| No education | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Primary up to higher secondary level | 0.60 | 0.82 (0.39–1.72) | 0.60 | 0.82 (0.39–1.72) | 0.59 | 1.18 (0.64–2.19) |
| Graduation and post-graduation level | 0.001∗∗∗ | 2.0 (1.2–3.5) | 0.01∗∗ | 2.1 (1.2–3.5) | <0.001∗∗∗ | 3.0 (1.88–4.90) |
| Number of children | ||||||
| No child | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| At least one child | 0.568 | 1.13 (0.74–1.74) | 0.51 | 0.85 (0.52–1.39) | 0.81 | 0.95 (0.62–1.47) |
| Two children | <0.001∗∗∗ | 0.45 (0.29–0.70) | 0.003∗∗ | 0.43 (0.24–0.75) | <0.001∗∗∗ | 0.42 (0.27–0.68) |
| More than two children | 0.045∗ | 0.61 (0.38–0.99) | 0.02∗ | 0.48 (0.26–0.88) | 0.04∗ | 0.48 (0.28–0.79) |
| Family type | ||||||
| Nuclear family | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Joint family | 0.018∗ | 1.83 (1.11–3.02) | 0.02∗ | 1.97 (1.12–3.45) | 0.11 | 1.52 (0.91–2.52) |
| Extended family | 0.149 | 1.31 (0.91–1.91) | 0.15 | 1.40 (0.90–2.19) | 0.48 | 1.15 (0.78–1.70) |
| Financial Condition | ||||||
| Poor | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Solvent | 0.02∗ | 1.83 (1.11–3.02) | 0.01∗∗ | 2.6 (1.22–5.76) | 0.001∗∗∗ | 2.9 (1.55–5.39) |
| Rich | 0.60 | 1.31 (0.91–1.91) | 0.08 | 2.1 (0.92–4.63) | 0.04∗ | 1.96 (1.03–3.77) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | <0.001∗∗∗ | 2.10 (1.51–2.92) | <0.001∗∗∗ | 2.57 (1.72–3.85) | <0.001∗∗∗ | 2.2 (1.58–3.14) |
∗P-value< 0.05, ∗∗P-value< 0.01, ∗∗∗P-value< 0.001.
Abbreviation: OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval.