Table 5.
Multivariable association between variables and mental health outcomes.
| Variables | P value | Adjusted Odd Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | Residential area (ref. village) | |||
| Metropolitan city | 0.008∗∗ | 2.06 | 1.21–3.52 | |
| Number of children (ref. no children) | ||||
| Two children | 0.002∗∗ | 0.44 | 0.26–0.74 | |
| Comorbidities (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | <0.001∗∗∗ | 2.53 | 1.74–3.68 | |
| Family members assistance in household activities (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.010∗∗ | 0.56 | 0.34–0.87 | |
| Use of social media (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | <0.001∗∗∗ | 3.55 | 1.87–6.76 | |
| Concern about own family (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.027∗ | 3.20 | 1.14–9.00 | |
| Additional social and financial support during COVID-19 (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.003∗∗ | 0.52 | 0.34–0.80 | |
| Anxiety | Age group (ref. 18–25 years) | |||
| 26–35 years | 0.015∗ | 0.53 | 0.32–0.89 | |
| 36–50 years | 0.002∗∗ | 0.33 | 0.17–0.66 | |
| Residential area (ref. village) | ||||
| Metropolitan city | <0.001∗∗∗ | 3.83 | 2.05–7.19 | |
| Sub-urban city | 0.040∗ | 2.55 | 1.05–6.22 | |
| Comorbidities (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | <0.001∗∗∗ | 3.01 | 1.91–4.75 | |
| Family members assistance in household activities (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.003∗∗ | 0.44 | 0.25–0.75 | |
| Use of social media (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.008∗∗ | 3.92 | 1.42–10.81 | |
| Concern about own family (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.04∗ | 7.72 | 1.00–60.48 | |
| Tendency to get COVID-19 updates (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.001∗∗∗ | 0.39 | 0.23–0.68 | |
| Stress | Education (ref. no education) | |||
| Graduation and post-graduation level | 0.010∗∗ | 2.51 | 1.25–5.03 | |
| Comorbidities (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | <0.001∗∗∗ | 2.25 | 1.54–3.27 | |
| Family members assistance in household activities (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.002∗∗ | 0.47 | 0.29–0.75 | |
| Use of social media (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | <0.001∗∗∗ | 3.79 | 1.81–7.95 | |
| Job status during lockdown (ref. same as before) | ||||
| Lost the job | 0.004∗∗ | 2.78 | 1.40–5.57 | |
| Tendency to get COVID-19 updates (ref. no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.024∗ | 0.56 | 0.33–0.92 |
Multivariable logistic regression was performed using the stepwise forward LR method.
Adjusted for age group, residential area, occupation, education, number of children, family type, financial condition, comorbidities, domestic help for household chores, family members assistance in household activities, relocating during COVID-19, nature of living during social distancing period, use of social media, concern about own family, affected by COVID-19, job status during lockdown, additional social and financial support, infected family members, death of infected family members, tendency to get COVID-19 updates.