Table 3.

Limitations of the conventional antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

1.	Shorter half-life (due to increased instability).
2.	Weak binding (due to steric hindrance).
3.	Large antibody sizes.
4.	Heat sensitivity.
5.	Scarcity of serum from convalescent human donors.
6.	Vulnerable to pathogen mutational escape (mAbs being directed against a single epitope).
7.	Very high cost.
8.	Necessitates patient hospitalization (mAbs required intravenous administration).
9.	Reduced potency (due to somatic mutations and ADE).