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. 2022 Jan 19;40(8):1098–1107. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.025

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Oral immunization induces anti-S1 IgG and IgA antibodies. Mice (BALBc, 8-week-old, 5 males and 5 females per treatment group) were inoculated orally or by gavage on days 0, 14, and 28. Oral vaccine is a combination of S1, LTB-NN, LTB-NC and free LTB, at either a high dose (oHD-LTB) or low dose (oLD-LTB) or high dose without free LTB (oHD). Mice received the high dose with free LTB (gHD-LTB) by gavage. Control mice were treated with an oral dose of PBS. Blood samples were drawn on 26 and 49 days after the first immunization for determination of IgG levels. After sacrifice, wet faeces samples were collected from the colon for determination of IgA levels. (A) Anti-S1 IgG titres measured 21 days after the third vaccination (day 49). (B) Anti-S1 IgG levels measured 26 and 49 days after the first immunization. (C) Normalized anti-S1 IgA levels in faeces samples, measured 49 days after the first immunization. Statistical tests performed to determine p-values are indicated in the figure.