Comparison 12. Buffered lidocaine DPNB versus plain lidocaine DPNB.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Pain score	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 behavioral distress score	1	40	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.10 [‐0.30, 0.50]
2 Cry time (%)	1	194	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	9.0 [‐11.71, 29.71]
3 Heart rate (bpm)	1	194	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐4.20 [‐10.51, 2.11]
4 Oxygen saturation (%)	1	194	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.5 [‐0.87, 1.87]
5 Serum cortisol (nmol/dL) 30 min post	1	40	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	35.80 [‐105.62, 177.22]