Kaufman 2002.

Methods	RCT Blinding of randomization ‐ can't tell Blinding of intervention ‐ partial Complete follow‐up ‐ can't tell Blinding of outcome measurement ‐ can't tell
Participants	57 NB; healthy; male; FT; Apgar > 7 at 5 min
Interventions	Mogen + water pacifier (15) Mogen + 24% sucrose pacifier (n=14) Gomco+ water pacifier (n=14) Gomco + 24% sucrose pacifier (n=14)
Outcomes	time crying; grimacing, procedure length
Notes	‐ all subjects had EMLA cream applied between 1 and 3 hr before procedure ‐ single operator performed all circumcisions ‐procedure standardized ‐ infants fasted from 15 min to 4 hr before procedure ‐ no adverse effects reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear