Spencer 1992.

Methods	RCT Blinding of randomization ‐ can't tell Blinding of intervention ‐ can't tell Complete follow‐up ‐ can't tell Blinding of outcome measurement ‐ can't tell
Participants	75 male NB; BW 2500 ‐ 4500 g; >12 hr age; 5 min Apgar > 6; normal exam
Interventions	lidocaine DPNB ‐ 5 min WT (n=15) lidocaine DPNB with 2 min WT (n=15) 1% chloroprocaine DPNB with 3 min WT (n=15) 1% chloroprocaine DPNB with 5 min WT (n=15) no treatment control (n=15)
Outcomes	cry duration, O2Sat, HR, BNAS
Notes	‐ all received pacifiers ‐ fed 60 to 90 min prior to circumcision ‐ procedure standardized ‐ Gomco clamp
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear