Study	Reason for exclusion
Malnory 2003	Study subjects not randomized to treatment groups, intervention chosen by physician
Mintz 1989	Not a clinical trial, no comparison between groups
Olson 1998	Study subjects not randomized to treatment groups, intervention chosen by physician
Russell 1996	Not a clinical trial, all subjects received EMLA, Plastibell technique
Taddio 2000	Cohort design with two study groups; all recruited subjects assigned to Group 1; Group 2 data obtained from previously conducted RCT
Taeusch 2002	Trial of head to head comparison of surgical devices (clamps) used for circumcision procedure, procedural differences have indirect effect on circumcision pain