Fig. 3. (A) Schematic 3D model of stacked molecular layers of bent-core mesogens forming HNFs. Adapted from ref. 92 with permission from John Wiley and Sons, copyright 2020. (B) Schematic 3D illustration of the reversible formation of HNFs and simultaneous self-assembly of Au NPs upon cooling from the isotropic phase. (C and D) TEM characterization of LC–Au NP assemblies indicating their structural parameters (C) and the effect of decreasing the NP–LC molar ratio (D). (B–D) Reproduced from ref. 93 with permission from John Wiley and Sons, copyright 2019. (E) Schematic representation and TEM images of organic nanohelices formed from assembled surfactants, subsequent silica condensation and templated Au NP assembly. (F) TEM characterization showing the effect of increasing the silica–Au NP ratio (F). (E and F) Reproduced from ref. 40 with permission from American Chemical Society, copyright 2017.