TABLE IV. Summary of Works for Pandemic Management (Acronyms Used in Table- : Common Objects in Context, ).

Category	Reference	Target issue	Technology used	Hardware/API used	ML involved	Case studies
ML	[17], 2020	Detecting ISPA	SVM, KNN, Neural Networks and Naive Bayes	None	Yes	Indonesia
	[18], 2018	Predicting antigenic variants of H1N1 influenza virus	SVM, KNN, Neural Networks and Naive Bayes	Stacking model	Yes	WHO
	[47], 2013	Predicting spread of cholera disease	K-means	None	Yes	Haiti
Android-based	[131], 2013	To detect distance and signal the user	Bluetooth, RSS	Wireless positioning and GPS	No	Not mentioned
Radio-waves	[132], 2013	To detect distance and signal the user	Ultrasound	A Transmitter and A detector	No	A hospital
ML in android based app	[28], 2019	Movement of infected people	KNN and Decision Tree	Service Provider	Yes	Not mentioned
Sensor based	[133], 2017	Count people in an area	Maximum likelihood equation	Radar sensor	No	Novelda, Norway
Radar-based	[134], 2017	Count people in an area	Posteriori algorithm	None	No	Not mentioned
ML and Radar Sensors	[135], 2020	Detect distance between people in a crowded area	ANN and Kalman filters	Radar sensor and a camera	Yes	Not mentioned
Sensor based	[136], 2012	Detect human movements indoor	Improved heading estimation model	Smartphone sensors	No	iPhone 4s
ML and IoT	[35], 2014	Detect user’s location	ANN and Radial functions	FT-6200 kit, Zig bee	Yes	Third floor, Chung Hua university
ML and UAV	[137], 2020	Predict traffic level	Recurrent Neural networks and Convolutional networks	UAV	Yes	Not mentioned
ML	[22], 2016	Detect user’s location	Deep Belief Networks(DBN) and Naive Bayes’	None	Yes	Gowalla network and Brightkite network
	[138], 2019	Verify user’s location	ANN and SVM	Wireless networks	Yes	Momentum project, Germany
	[32], 2020	Predict number of infected people	Random Forest and Gradient Boosting	Microphone and Thermal Cameras	Yes	Microsoft COCO dataset
	[139], 2020		DNN and Gaussian process	None	Yes	Indoor shopping mall
ML and 5G cellular networks	[39], 2018	Predict number of people in an area	RNN and DNN	Simpy simulator	Yes	Big data challenge, Italia
	[140], 2019		LSTM Neural Network	None	Yes	Geolife project
	[29], 2018		Bayesian regressor, Random Forest regressor and Gaussian regressor	None	Yes	San Francisco
	[38], 2020		DNN and CNN	GPRS	Yes	A mobile network data, Youtube, Snapchat and Facebook