Table 5.
Original concentration | Liquid fraction | Concentration | Detection technique | LOD | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al | n.a. | Residue | 16400 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
n.a. | 55 °C – 180 °C 195 °C – 320 °C 250 °C – 500 °C Full range + ash Solid residue |
<0.2 ppm ND 17 ppm 150 ppm 15000 ppm |
JIS K 0102 58.4 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
n.a. | Solid residue 1 Solid residue 2 |
<400 ppm 2500 ppm |
n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
n.a. | C4 – C20 Dist. residue |
2 ppm 2 – 2.7 ppm |
ICP-OES | n.a. | (Cho et al., 2010) | |
8320 ppm | C8 – C28 | <200 ppm | ICP-OES | n.a. | (Velghe et al., 2011) | |
As | n.a. | Solid residue | <0.1 ppm | JIS K 0102 61.3 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
n.a. | Solid residue | <1 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
Ba | n.a. | C4 – C20 Dist. residue |
1 ppm 3.2 – 21 ppm |
ICP-OES | n.a. | (Cho et al., 2010) |
Ca | n.a. | 55 °C – 180 °C 195 °C – 320 °C 250 °C – 500 °C Full range + ash Solid residue |
17 ppm 2 ppm 82 ppm 8200 ppm 10 wt% |
JIS K 0102 50.3 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
n.a. | Solid residue 1 Solid residue 2 |
1000 ppm 2500 ppm |
n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
189 ppm | >C30 | 368 ppm | EDXRF | 1 ppm | (Miskolczi et al., 2004) | |
1504 ppm | 118 °C – 376 °C | 297 ppm | EDXRF | n.a. | (Miskolczi et al., 2013) | |
7700 ppm | C8 – C28 | <30 ppm | ICP-OES | n.a. | (Velghe et al., 2011) | |
Cd | n.a. | Solid residue | 3.3 ppm | JIS K 0102 55.3 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
n.a. | Solid residue | 13 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
Cr | n.a. | Solid residue | 3 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Kaminsky and Kim, 1999) |
n.a. | Solid residue | 24 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
n.a. | 55 °C – 180 °C 195 °C – 320 °C 250 °C – 500 °C Full range + ash Solid residue |
<0.2 ppm ND 8.2 ppm 37 ppm 200 ppm |
JIS K 0102 65.1.4 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
n.a. | Solid residue | 28 ppm | JIS K 0102 65.1.4 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
n.a. | C4 – C20 Distillation residue |
1 ppm 1–4 ppm |
ICP-OES | n.a. | (Cho et al., 2010) | |
Cu | n.a. | Solid residue | 270 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
n.a. | 55 °C – 180 °C 195 °C – 320 °C 250 °C – 500 °C Full range + ash |
0.6 ppm 0.1 ppm 2.3 ppm 84 ppm |
JIS K 0102 52.4 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
109 ppm | C8 – C28 | 6–30 ppm | ICP-OES | n.a. | (Velghe et al., 2011) | |
Fe | n.a. | 55 °C – 180 °C 195 °C – 320 °C 250 °C – 500 °C Full range + ash Solid residue |
<0.2 ppm 7.3 ppm 33 ppm 99 ppm 3200 ppm |
JIS K 0102 57.4 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
K | n.a. | Solid residue | 1300 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
1200 ppm | C8 – C28 | 20–200 ppm | ICP-OES | n.a. | (Velghe et al., 2011) | |
Mn | n.a. | Solid residue | 160 ppm | JIS K 0102 56.4 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
Na | n.a. | Solid residue | 3700 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
n.a. | 55 °C – 180 °C 195 °C – 320 °C 250 °C – 500 °C Full range + ash Solid residue |
0.8 ppm ND 2.8 ppm 200 ppm 3300 ppm |
AAS | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
Ni | n.a. | Solid residue | 32 ppm | JIS K 0102 59.3 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
Pb | n.a. | Solid residue | 4 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Kaminsky and Kim, 1999) |
n.a. | Solid residue | 410 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
n.a. | 70 °C – 460 °C | 37 ppm | JIS 0102 54.3 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
n.a. | Solid residue | 33 ppm | JIS K 0102 55.4 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
n.a. | C4 – C20 Distillation residue |
0.02 – 0.04 ppm 4.4 – 21.5 ppm |
ICP-OES | n.a. | (Cho et al., 2010) | |
Sb | 749 ppm | 118 °C – 376 °C | 105 ppm | EDXRF | n.a. | (Miskolczi et al., 2013) |
n.a. | C9 – C34 (30 °C – 324 °C) |
189 ppm | EDXRF | n.a. | (Miskolczi and Ateş, 2016) | |
Si | n.a. | 55 °C – 180 °C 195 °C – 320 °C 250 °C – 500 °C Full range + ash Solid residue |
<100 ppm 4 ppm <50 ppm 2000 ppm 45000 ppm |
ICP-OES | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) |
Ti | 284 ppm | >C30 | 456 ppm | EDXRF | 1 ppm | (Miskolczi et al., 2004) |
Zn | n.a. | Solid residue | 100 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Kaminsky and Kim, 1999) |
145 ppm | >C30 | 254 ppm | EDXRF | 1 ppm | (Miskolczi et al., 2004) | |
n.a. | Solid residue | 300 ppm | n.a. | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
n.a. | 55 °C – 180 °C 195 °C – 320 °C 250 °C – 500 °C Full range + ash Solid residue |
0.6 ppm ND 2.1 ppm 18 ppm 350 ppm |
JIS K 0102 53.3 | n.a. | (Okuwaki et al., 2006) | |
1310 ppm | 118 °C – 376 °C | 124 ppm | EDXRF | n.a. | (Miskolczi et al., 2013) | |
472 ppm | C8 – C28 | <8 ppm | ICP-OES | n.a. | (Velghe et al., 2011) | |
n.a. | C4 – C20 Distillation residue |
0.03 – 0.18 ppm 5 – 24.3 ppm |
ICP-OES | n.a. | (Cho et al., 2010) |