Table 8.

Comparison of metal contamination levels in plastic pyrolysis oil and known contaminant limits for industrial crackers (values taken from Table 5).

Contaminant	Light fraction(a) [ppm]	Medium fraction(b) [ppm]	Heavy fraction(c) [ppm]	Industrial limit [ppm]	Reference
Al	<0.2	<LOD	17	n.a.	(Okuwaki et al., 2006, Cho et al., 2010)
As	–	–	–	0.005	(Sundaram and Stancato, 2018)
Ca	17	149.5	225	0.5	(Okuwaki et al., 2006, Miskolczi et al., 2004, Sundaram and Stancato, 2018)
Cr	1	<LOD	8.2	–	(Okuwaki et al., 2006, Cho et al., 2010)
Cu	1	15	2	50	(Okuwaki et al., 2006, Tatterson and Vasalos, 1981, Velghe et al., 2011)
Fe	<0.2	7.3	33	0.001	(Baumgartner et al., 2004, Sundaram and Stancato, 2018, Okuwaki et al., 2006)
Hg	–	–	–	0.005	(Sundaram and Stancato, 2018)
Na	0.8	<LOD	2.8	0.125	(Sundaram and Stancato, 2018, Okuwaki et al., 2006)
Ni	–	–	–	100	(Letzsch and Ashton, 1993)
Pb	0.04	<LOD	37	0.05 – 0.10	(Okuwaki et al., 2006, Sundaram and Stancato, 2018, Baumgartner et al., 2004, Cho et al., 2010)
Si	<100	4	<50	0.5 – 1	(Okuwaki et al., 2006, Baumgartner et al., 2004)
Ti	<LOD	<LOD	456	–	(Miskolczi et al., 2004)
V	–	–	–	0.05	(Baumgartner et al., 2004, Sundaram and Stancato, 2018)
Zn	0.4	124	128.1	–	(Okuwaki et al., 2006, Miskolczi et al., 2004, Miskolczi et al., 2013, Velghe et al., 2011, Cho et al., 2010)

(a) defined as carbon number up to C₂₀ and boiling point up to 250 °C.

(b) defined as carbon number up to C₃₀ and boiling point up to 450 °C.

(c) defined as carbon number > C₃₀ and FBP > 450 °C.