Table 4. List of protease inhibitors with transcriptomics and protein expression.
| Nakagawa CKD Kidney (Discovery Set) | Nakagawa CKD Kidney (Validation Set) | Ju CKD Glom | Ju CKD TubInt | Protein expression | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibitors | CKD cohort | CKD cohort | CKD cohort | CKD cohort | CKD cohort |
| Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) | Increase | Increase | Decrease | Not significant* | - |
| Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1) | Increase | Not significant* | Increase | Increase | Increase [45] |
| Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2) | Increase | Increase | Not significant* | Not significant* | - |
| Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3) | Increase | Increase | Not significant* | Decrease | - |
| Metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 (TIMP4) | Decrease | Not significant* | Not significant* | Not significant* | - |
| Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) | Not significant* | Not significant* | Increase | Increase | - |
| Pregnancy zone protein (PZP) | Decrease | Not significant* | Not significant* | Not significant* | - |
| Testican-1 (SPOCK1) | Not significant* | Not significant* | Decrease | Decrease | - |
| Testican-3 (SPOCK3) | Not significant* | Not significant* | Not significant* | Not significant* | - |
| Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 6 (SPINK6) | Increase | Not significant* | No data | No data | - |
| Alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) | Increase | Not significant* | Not significant* | Not significant* | Increase [63] |
| Antithrombin-III (SERPINC1) | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | Not significant* | inconclusive* |
| Alpha-2-antiplasmin (SERPINF2) | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | - |
Not significant*: P > 0.05, inconclusive*: some studies reported increased and some decreased protein expression levels in CKD.