Table 3. Interactions in associations with myopia (all, childhood-onset and adult-onset) between year of birth and no educational qualifications.
| Educational attainment adjusted Odds Ratios (95% confidence interval) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No qualification | O level | A level | Higher level | ||
| All myopia, n = 28,074 | |||||
| Year of birth | |||||
| 1939–44 | 1 | 1.91 (1.73, 2.10) | 1.91 (1.65, 2.20) | 2.70 (2.51, 2.90) | |
| 1945–49 | vs 1939–44 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.15) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.18) | 1.10 (0.98, 1.23) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.95 (1.72, 2.21) | 2.12 (1.86, 2.41) | 3.06 (2.72, 3.43) | |
| 1950–54 | vs 1939–44 | 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.68, 1.30) | 1.02 (0.77, 1.35) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.31) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.87 (1.45, 2.41) | 2.20 (1.73, 2.80) | 3.47 (2.77, 4.35) | |
| 1955–59 | vs 1939–44 | 0.86 (0.69, 1.07) | 0.88 (0.65, 1.18) | 0.96 (0.76, 1.20) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.94 (1.61, 2.35) | 2.33 (1.95, 2.80) | 3.50 (2.81, 4.36) | |
| 1960–64 | vs 1939–44 | 0.77 (0.58, 1.03) | 0.79 (0.62, 1.19) | 0.86 (0.62, 1.19) | 0.88 (0.69, 1.11) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.71 (1.34, 2.17) | 2.37 (1.77, 3.17) | 3.52 (2.59, 4.78) | |
| 1965–70 | vs 1939–44 | 0.58 (0.49, 0.68) | 0.59 (0.44, 0.80) | 0.64 (0.48, 0.86) | 0.65 (0.51, 0.84) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.96 (1.59, 2.41) | 2.69 (2.23, 3.25) | 4.17 (3.32, 5.22) | |
| Adult-onset myopia, n = 11,685 | |||||
| Year of birth | |||||
| 1939–44 | 1 | 1.81 (1.44, 2.29) | 1.77 (1.44, 2.19) | 2.05 (1.81, 2.32) | |
| 1945–49 | vs 1939–44 | 1.14 (0.98, 1.32) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.20) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.64 (1.47, 1.83) | 1.65 (1.51, 1.80) | 1.94 (1.76, 2.14) | |
| 1950–54 | vs 1939–44 | 1.24 (0.96, 1.62) | 1.12 (0.82, 1.55) | 1.16 (0.83, 1.62) | 1.18 (0.88, 1.57) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.54 (1.17, 2.03) | 1.61 (1.22, 2.12) | 2.03 (1.50, 2.75) | |
| 1955–59 | vs 1939–44 | 1.22 (1.02, 1.45) | 1.10 (0.74, 1.64) | 1.13 (0.90, 1.43) | 1.15 (0.96, 1.38) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.77 (1.36, 2.31) | 1.86 (1.44, 2.40) | 2.19 (1.74, 2.76) | |
| 1960–64 | vs 1939–44 | 1.13 (0.83, 1.53) | 1.02 (0.69, 1.50) | 1.05 (0.79, 1.39) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.31) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.52 (1.15, 2.00) | 1.92 (1.39, 2.63) | 2.43 (1.71, 3.44) | |
| 1965–70 | vs 1939–44 | 0.88 (0.67, 1.14) | 0.80 (0.58, 1.10) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) | 0.83 (0.61, 1.13) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 1.59 (1.24, 2.04) | 2.02 (1.55, 2.65) | 2.63 (2.03, 3.41) | |
| Childhood-onset myopia, n = 16,389 | |||||
| Year of birth | |||||
| 1939–44 | 1 | 1.99 (1.77, 2.36) | 2.06 (1.68, 2.52) | 3.33 (2.77, 3.99) | |
| 1945–49 | vs 1939–44 | 0.85 (0.72, 1.00) | 0.97 90.81, 1.16) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) | 1.12 (0.99, 1.25) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 2.27 (1.90, 2.72) | 2.66 (2.25, 3.11) | 4.37 (3.92, 4.87) | |
| 1950–54 | vs 1939–44 | 0.67 (0.53, 0.85) | 0.76 (0.50, 1.17) | 0.86 (0.61, 1.20) | 0.88 (0.67, 1.15) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 2.37 (1.91, 2.94) | 3.13 (2.49, 3.93) | 5.80 (4.59, 7.34) | |
| 1955–59 | vs 1939–44 | 0.58 (0.43, 0.78) | 0.66 (0.42, 1.06) | 0.74 (0.49, 1.14) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.09) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 2.26 (1.71, 2.99) | 3.21 (2.66, 3.88) | 5.96 (4.27, 8.30) | |
| 1960–64 | vs 1939–44 | 0.49 (0.36, 0.68) | 0.56 (0.33, 0.95) | 0.63 (0.41, 0.97) | 0.65 (0.45, 0.92) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 2.07 (1.55, 2.77) | 3.32 (2.40, 4.57) | 5.83 (4.05, 8.40) | |
| 1965–70 | vs 1939–44 | 0.33 (0.26, 0.41) | 0.37 (0.26, 0.53) | 0.42 (0.31, 0.57) | 0.43 (0.34, 0.55) |
| vs No qualification | 1 | 2.85 (1.74, 4.69) | 4.36 (2.65, 7.22) | 8.04 (4.19, 13.1) | |
*Adjusted by sex vs educational qualification interaction, accommodation tenure, ethnicity, variance adjustment by test centre. Bold fonts indicate significant within cohort associations at the 5% level.