Fig. 2.

Impacts of COVID-19 on medical student dropout intention. Notes: This figure plots the average intention-to-drop-out rates before and after COVID-19 by randomized groups and study phases. Dropout intention before COVID-19 was asked retrospectively in the survey. Dropout intention after COVID-19 was asked at the end of the survey after the treatment group received the nudge information. We classified students in early study phases as those in their first 2–3 years of the undergraduate program and those receiving general and basic medical education. Students in late study phases were typically in their next 2–3 years, receiving clinical education and clerkship. The sample size is 98,668..