Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis evaluating the association between SGTF versus non-SGTF SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease among hospitalised individuals with a known outcome, South Africa, Oct 1–Nov 30, 2021* (n=290)
| Severe disease† | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 variant (n=317) | |||
| SGTF | 42/204 (21%) | 0·7 (0·3–1·4) | 0·30 |
| Non-SGTF | 45/113 (40%) | 1 (ref) | .. |
| Age group (n=317) | |||
| <5 years | 2/27 (7%) | 0·6 (0·1–4·0) | 0·58 |
| 5–12 years | 1/8 (13%) | 0·5 (0·0–6·7) | 0·63 |
| 13–18 years | 0/8 | .. | .. |
| 19–24 years | 4/23 (17%) | 1 (ref) | .. |
| 25–39 years | 19/136 (14%) | 0·6 (0·2–2·2) | 0·43 |
| 40–59 years | 23/59 (39%) | 3·3 (0·8–12·9) | 0·094 |
| ≥60 years | 38/56 (68%) | 11·5 (2·8–47·0) | 0·001 |
| Sex (n=315) | |||
| Male | 37/120 (31%) | 1 (ref) | .. |
| Female | 48/195 (25%) | 0·7 (0·3–1·3) | 0·24 |
| Province (n=308) | |||
| Eastern Cape | 0/0 | .. | .. |
| Free State | 3/8 (38%) | 8·6 (0·4–167·0) | 0·16 |
| Gauteng | 56/230 (24%) | 18·8 (2·0–176·3) | 0·010 |
| KwaZulu-Natal | 15/38 (39%) | 18·0 (1·7–190·5) | 0·016 |
| Limpopo | 0/5 | .. | .. |
| Mpumalanga | 2/4 (50%) | 33·9 (1·2–946·0) | 0·038 |
| North West | 3/7 (43%) | 44·9 (2·4–837·5) | 0·011 |
| Northern Cape | 3/4 (75%) | 113·6 (3·9–3327·6) | 0·006 |
| Western Cape | 2/12 (17%) | 1 (ref) | .. |
| Comorbidity‡(n=317) | |||
| Absent | 56/255 (22%) | 1 (ref) | .. |
| Present | 31/62 (50%) | 2·2 (1·0–4·8) | 0·060 |
| Health-care sector (n=317) | |||
| Public | 43/130 (33%) | 1 (ref) | .. |
| Private | 44/187 (24%) | 0·9 (0·4–1·9) | 0·72 |
| Days between diagnosis and admission (n=317) | |||
| 1–7 days before diagnosis | 8/38 (21%) | 1 (ref) | .. |
| 0–6 days after diagnosis | 75/275 (27%) | 3·0 (1·0–9·2) | 0·059 |
| 7–21 days after diagnosis | 4/4 (100%) | .. | .. |
| Reinfection§(n=317) | |||
| No | 80/290 (28%) | 1 (ref) | .. |
| Yes | 7/27 (26%) | 2·5 (0·8–8·0) | 0·11 |
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccination¶(n=317) | |||
| No | 13/42 (31%) | 1 (ref) | .. |
| Yes | 4/9 (44%) | 0·6 (0·1–4·1) | 0·60 |
| Unknown | 70/266 (26%) | 0·3 (0·1–1·0) | 0·055 |
Data are n/N (%), unless otherwise specified. SGTF=S gene target failure.
Patients with COVID-19 followed up for in-hospital outcome until Dec 21, 2021.
Severe disease was defined as a hospitalised patient meeting at least one of the following criteria: admitted to an intensive care unit; received oxygen treatment; was ventilated; received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; had acute respiratory distress syndrome; or had died.
Comorbidity was defined as the presence of at least one of the following conditions: hypertension, diabetes, chronic cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy, HIV, and active or previous tuberculosis.
Reinfection was defined by an individual having at least one positive SARS-CoV-2 test more than 90 days before the current positive SARS-CoV-2 test.
Vaccination was defined as having at least one dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Ad.26.COV2.S [Johnson & Johnson] or BNT162b2 [Pfizer–BioNTech]).