Table 2.
Extrapulmonary prognostic findings for ICU admission
| Reference | Author | Year | CT findings | Prognostic value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [34] | Pediconi | 2021 |
Significantly higher incidence in ICU patients (26/62): - higher lung disease severity score (median 16) - VAT area (median 258.3 cm2) - VAT score |
Independent predictor of ICU admission: VAT score – OR 4.307–12.842 AUC – ICU: 0.834 (VAT, SAT, lung disease severity, and comorbidities) |
| [36] | Bunnell | 2021 |
- Median VAT/SAT ratio 0.51 (median SAT 269.9 cm2, median VAT 145.6 cm2) - Median IMAT 12.1 cm2 - Median paraspinal and abdominal muscle 134.5 cm2 |
Independent predictor of ICU admission or death: VAT/SAT – OR 1.30, higher IMAT – HR 1.44 |
| [37] | Grodecki | 2021 | Significantly higher EAT volume in patients with clinical deterioration (median 132.2 mL – 23/109) |
Positive correlation between EAT volume and total pneumonia burden (r = 0.29) Independent predictors of clinical deterioration: EAT volume – OR 5.1, EAT attenuation – OR 3.4 |
| [38] | Phen | 2021 | Significantly higher CATi in patients with an adverse event at 21 days (20/41) | AUC CATi*IL-6 – adverse events at 21 days: 0.76 |
| [39] | Kottlors (1) | 2020 | Higher FMR according to the respective degree of medical care (median ICU 6.2 – 26/58 patients) | Independent predictor of ICU admission: FMR ≥ 7 – increased probability to about 80% |
| [40] | Schiaffino | 2021 | Significantly lower T5 and T12 paravertebral muscle mass in ICU patients (92/552) |
Independent predictors of ICU admission: SMM T5 – OR 3.3, SMM T12 – OR 1.9 AUC– ICU: 0.834 (muscle status, chest CT features + / − clinical features) |
| [41] | Giraudo | 2021 | Significantly lower attenuation of right paravertebral muscles in ICU patients (median HU 29.0 – 36/150) | Performances HU – ICU (cut-off 34 HU): accuracy 62.9%, sensitivity 71.1%, specificity 53% |
| [42] | Kottlors (2) | 2020 | Significantly lower BMD in ICU patients: (median ICU 6.2 – 26/58 patients) |
Independent predictor of ICU admission: BMD < 80 mg/ml – increased probability to about 75% AUC – ICU: 0.824 (only age in the regression model, no advantages from BMD) |
| [43] | Tahtabasi | 2021 | Lower BMD (≤ 100 HU) in ICU patients (52/209) |
Significantly higher rate of ICU admission in patients with lower BMD (33.4% vs. 21.2%) Significant correlation between clinical classification and lower BMD (r = 0.152) |