Table 3.
P-values of tests of publication bias, heterogeneity, and meta-analysis findings and bias scores for the Egger test
| Meta-analyses | Publication bias |
Heterogeneity |
Quantifying heterogeneity |
Findings of meta-analyses |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egger test (p-value) | Cochran Q test (p-value) | I2 (95% CI), %/τ2 (95% CI) | Peto random-effect model |
||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| D-CIMA for serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL and 50 nmol/L | 0.399 | <0.001 | 85.4 (73.2, 92.1)/0.06 (0.05, 1.02) | 1.64 (1.32, 2.04) | <0.001 |
| D-CIMAOverall for serum 25(OH)D levels with all different measurement units | 0.091 | <0.001 | 87.0 (78.7, 92.1)/0.08 (0.06, 0.76) | 1.86 (1.51, 2.30) | <0.001 |
| D-CSMA for serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL and 50 nmol/L | 0.064 | <0.001 | 91.5 (86.1, 94.8)/1.18 (0.47. 5.29) | 2.42 (1.13, 5.17) | 0.022 |
| D-CSMAOverall for serum 25(OH)D levels with all different measurement units | 0.017 | <0.001 | 92.8 (90.2, 94.7)1/1.37 (0.88, 3.98)1 | 1.24 (0.71, 2.17)1 | 0.445 |
| D-CMMA for serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL and 50 nmol/L | 0.911 | <0.001 | 82.6 (60.1, 92.4)/1.30 (0.12, 10.51) | 1.64 (0.53, 5.06) | 0.390 |
| D-CMMAOverall for serum 25(OH)D levels with all different measurement units | 0.909 | 0.001 | 70.8 (39.7, 85.9)/0.71 (0.00, 3.02) | 1.58 (0.76, 3.27) | 0.211 |
D-CIMA, vitamin D and COVID-19 infection meta-analysis; D-CSMA, vitamin D and COVID-19 severity meta-analysis; D-CMMA, vitamin D and COVID-19 mortality meta-analysis; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
1
Trim-and-fill method applied.