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Tumor acidic microenvironment promotes the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. PANC-1 cells were incubated under normal (pH 7.4) and acidic conditions (pH 6.8) up to 48 h at 5% CO2. (a) The cell viability detected by CCK-8 assay. (b) The expression of PCNA and Ki-67 measured by western blot. (c) The clone formation assay. (d) The apoptosis detected by flow cytometry assay. Error bars, mean ± SD from three independent experiments. ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001.
