Table 4.
Frontline variables in ACS patients grouped by vital status at 30 days.
| Survival at 30 days | p value | AUC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive (N = 10548) | Deceased (N = 891) | |||
| Demographics (N = 11439) | ||||
| Age (years) | 63.4 ± 14.2 | 72.6 ± 14.0 | <0.001 | |
| Gender (male) N (%) | 7687 (72.9) | 593 (66.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Clinical assessment (N = 10107) | ||||
| Killip class (%) | 0.675 (0.651–0.698) ∗ | |||
| (I) No evidence of heart failure | 91.5 | 58.1 | <0.001 | |
| (II) Basal crepitations/raised venous pressure | 4.5 | 9.2 | ||
| (III) Pulmonary oedema | 2.6 | 8.8 | ||
| (IV) Cardiogenic shock | 1.4 | 23.9 | ||
| Baseline blood pressure (N = 6110) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.2 ± 25.2 | 98 ± 36.2 | <0.001 | 0.770 (0.742–0.798) ∗ |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.9 ± 16.9 | 79.2 ± 29.8 | 0.411 | |
| Inotropic support on arrival N (%) | 72 (0.7) | 57 (6.4) | <0.001 | |
| Electrocardiogram on admission (N = 11189) (%) | ||||
| No dynamic changes | 10.6 | 7.7 | <0.001 | |
| LBBB | 4.9 | 6.1 | ||
| Other abnormality | 5.2 | 9.7 | ||
| T-wave changes | 7.4 | 2.6 | ||
| ST depression | 9 | 11.7 | ||
| ST segment elevation | 63 | 62.2 | ||
| Bedside LV systolic function assessment (N = 4448) (%) | ||||
| Good/mildly impaired (>45%) | 70.3 | 30.7 | <0.001 | |
| Moderate impairment (35–45%) | 20.4 | 27.6 | 0.728 (0.700–0.756) ∗ | |
| Severely impaired (<35%) | 9.3 | 41.7 | ||
| Arterial blood gas on admission (N = 3752) | ||||
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.4) | 3.7 (2.0 to 7.1) | <0.001 | 0.780 (0.759–0.801) ∗ |
| pH | 7.41 (7.37 to 7.45) | 7.31 (7.24 to 7.39) | <0.001 | 0.773 (0.743–0.803) ∗ |
| pO2 (kPa) | 11.3 (9.11 to 14.2) | 12.55 (9.35 to 21.45) | <0.001 | 0.559 (0.532–0.586) ∗ |
| pCO2 (kPa) | 4.92 (4.35 to 5.5) | 5.29 (4.37 to 6.27) | <0.001 | 0.580 (0.552–0.609) ∗ |
| BE (mmol/L) | −1.2 (−3.6 to 1) | −6.35 (−8.9 to 2.8) | <0.001 | 0.778 (0.756–0.800) ∗ |
| K (mmol/L) | 3.8 (3.5 to 4.2) | 4.1 (3.7 to 4.6) | <0.001 | 0.605 (0.578–0.632) ∗ |
| Glc (mmol/L) | 7.6 (6.3 to 10.1) | 10.6 (7.78 to 14.8) | <0.001 | 0.693 (0.670–0.717) ∗ |
| Cardiac arrest parameters (N = 11439) | ||||
| Cardiac arrest N (%) | 816 (7.7) | 458 (51.4) | <0.001 | |
| Cardiac arrest on admission—ongoing resuscitation N (%) | 6 (0.1) | 29 (3.3) | <0.001 | |
| Ventilated preprocedure N (%) | 215 (2.1) | 273 (32.1) | <0.001 | |
| Type of arrest | <0.001 | |||
| Asystole | 8.2 | 18.2 | ||
| EMD | 2.8 | 21.1 | ||
| VF/pulseless VT | 79.2 | 58.1 | ||
| Unknown | 9.8 | 2.6 | ||
AUC: area under the curve, LBBB: left bundle branch block, LV: left ventricle, BE: base excess, Glc: glucose, EMD: electromechanical dissociation, VF: ventricular fibrillation, and VT: ventricular tachycardia.