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. 2022 Jan 20;20:24. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-02212-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Relationships of microbial functional potentials with COVID-19 severity and host immune response. a Seven COVID-19 severity-related microbial pathways and their associations with clinical traits. Red bars indicate positive associations, and blue bars indicate negative associations. White asterisks indicate associations with P < 0.05. The color key indicates the association strength and direction in terms of the t value. The gray bar shows in which group the corresponding indicator is more abundant. The percent sign (%) represents the percentage, and the pound sign (#) represents the count value of the corresponding immune cells. b The associations of the relative abundance of carbohydrate pathway (PWY-6590) with levels of lactate dehydrogenase and counts of neutrophils. c The associations of the relative abundance of glycolysis pathway (ANAGLYCOLYSIS-PWY) with levels of complement C4 and bacterial infection score. d COVID-19 severity-related virulence genes and their associations with clinical traits. The VFs-color bar shows the classification of VFs