Table 2.

Associations of children’s media use (n = 296), mother’s media use (n = 224), and parent–child interaction scores (n = 296) with early childhood development percentile ranks^a.

Dependent variables (b, 95% CI)b	Independent variables
	High screen time of childrenc	High screen time of mothersd	Parent–child interaction score
Body motor skills	3.13 (−4.17 to 10.42)	0.90 (−6.60 to 8.40)	0.41e (0.01 to 0.82)
Hand motor skills	−1.88 (−9.14 to 5.38)	−3.71 (−11.49 to 4.06)	0.05 (−0.35 to 0.46)
Cognition skills	−10.96f (−18.69 to −3.24)	−4.52 (−12.64 to 3.60)	0.57f (0.14 to 1.00)
Language skills	−12.88f (−20.19 to −5.57)	−6.28 (−14.57 to 2.00)	0.48e (0.07 to 0.90)
Social–emotional skills	−7.80e (−15.45 to −0.14)	0.16 (−8.18 to 8.49)	0.80f (0.38 to 1.22)

Bold values indicate significant associations.

^aAll associations are adjusted for age, sex, and SES.

^bb = regression coefficient, non-standardized; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.

^cHigh screen time for children: >1 h/day.

^dHigh screen time for mothers: >5 h/day.

^eLevel of significance 0.05.

^fLevel of significance <0.01.