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. 2021 Dec 28;29(1):10–20. doi: 10.1038/s41594-021-00698-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 4 — a Processing pipeline. b Illustration of the symmetry expansion protocol. Partial DDK occupancy on the two-fold symmetric MCM double hexamer hampers structure determination of a DDK–MCM double hexamer complex. To align asymmetrically bound DDK molecules, symmetry expansion was performed. According to this procedure, a copy of the dataset was appended to the MCM–DDK particles, after rotation around the C2 symmetry axis. The signal of one DDK molecule was subtracted from the rotated images to prevent particles from reverting to the original orientation. DDK-bound double hexamer particles were identified by using focused 3D classification skipping angular searches.