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. 2022 Jan 6;15:821680. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.821680

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Copyright © 2022 Devineni and Scaplen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examples of modulation by behavioral state. Behavioral states such as walking or flying modulate neural pathways underlying a variety of behavioral responses, including feeding responses, visual motion processing, and responses to a looming stimulus. Modulation can occur at any level from sensory to motor processing (represented by the diagram and color gradient on the left). Gray arrows depict sensory input; black arrows depict neural circuits that generate behavior; blue arrows depict excitatory modulation whereas red arrows depict inhibitory modulation.