Figure 5.

Examples of modulation of behavior by environmental context involving integration of multiple sensory cues. (A) Context-dependent responses to carbon dioxide depend on the mushroom body (MB). Kenyon cells (KCs) in the MB are activated by carbon dioxide, which activates MB output neurons (MBONs) to drive avoidance responses. However, the presence of vinegar activates subsets of DANs, which inhibit MBON activation to reduce carbon dioxide avoidance. (B) Odor and wind cues are processed by parallel pathways that are integrated in the FSB to drive wind orientation. Drosophila typically orient downwind from a wind source. However, in the context of an appetitive odor cue, this behavior reverses, and flies orient upwind. Gray arrows depict sensory input; black arrows depict neural circuit connectivity; red arrow depicts inhibitory modulation.