Table 2.
Comparison of the effect of larval competition on the temperature-dependence of population fitness (rm) and its component traits.
| Trait | Temperature (°C) | Resource level (mg ml−1) Mean ± s.e.m. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.183 | 0.367 | 0.550 | 0.733 | ||
| Development time (days) | 22 | 18.30 ± 0.56 (n = 20) | 14.41 ± 0.34 (n = 34) | 13.41 ± 0.25 (n = 54) | 13.33 ± 0.25 (n = 51) |
| 26 | 10.45 ± 0.18 (n = 65) | 10.35 ± 0.20 (n = 51) | 9.32 ± 0.19 (n = 44) | 9.19 ± 0.17 (n = 53) | |
| 32 | 10.11 ± 0.32 (n = 19) | 6.98 ± 0.13 (n = 54) | 6.78 ± 0.13 (n = 50) | 7.19 ± 0.13 (n = 53) | |
| 34 | 8.26 ± 0.19 (n = 34) | 7.04 ± 0.14 (n = 51) | 6.67 ± 0.15 (n = 36) | 7.87 ± 0.20 (n = 30) | |
| Juvenile mortality rate (individual−1 day−1) | 22 | 0.05 ± 0.01 (n = 75) | 0.04 ± 0.01 (n = 71) | 0.02 ± 0.00 (n = 67) | 0.03 ± 0.01 (n = 75) |
| 26 | 0.06 ± 0.01 (n = 150) | 0.02 ± 0.01 (n = 65) | 0.04 ± 0.01 (n = 63) | 0.03 ± 0.01 (n = 74) | |
| 32 | 0.09 ± 0.01 (n = 75) | 0.04 ± 0.01 (n = 75) | 0.05 ± 0.01 (n = 75) | 0.05 ± 0.01 (n = 75) | |
| 34 | 0.14 ± 0.01 (n = 150) | 0.05 ± 0.01 (n = 75) | 0.09 ± 0.01 (n = 75) | 0.10 ± 0.01 (n = 75) | |
| 36 | 0.18 ± 0.02 (n = 75) | 0.17 ± 0.02 (n = 75) | 0.18 ± 0.02 (n = 75) | 0.27 ± 0.03 (n = 75) | |
| Adult lifespan (days) | 22 | 8.00 ± 0.70 (n = 20) | 7.50 ± 0.54 (n = 34) | 10.04 ± 0.43 (n = 54) | 11.24 ± 0.45 (n = 49) |
| 26 | 4.54 ± 0.39 (n = 65) | 9.39 ± 0.45 (n = 49) | 11.51 ± 0.48 (n = 43) | 11.65 ± 0.43 (n = 52) | |
| 32 | 5.21 ± 0.72 (n = 19) | 8.53 ± 0.43 (n = 53) | 8.66 ± 0.44 (n = 50) | 9.29 ± 0.43 (n = 52) | |
| 34 | 3.76 ± 0.54 (n = 34) | 5.62 ± 0.44 (n = 50) | 6.09 ± 0.53 (n = 35) | 4.68 ± 0.59 (n = 28) | |
| Body size (dry mass (mg)) | 22 | 0.30 ± 0.01 (n = 20) | 0.31 ± 0.01 (n = 32) | 0.44 ± 0.01 (n = 52) | 0.52 ± 0.01 (n = 46) |
| 26 | 0.23 ± 0.01 (n = 20) | 0.36 ± 0.01 (n = 31) | 0.50 ± 0.01 (n = 29) | 0.58 ± 0.01 (n = 21) | |
| 32 | 0.19 ± 0.01 (n = 19) | 0.34 ± 0.01 (n = 29) | 0.38 ± 0.01 (n = 31) | 0.36 ± 0.01 (n = 30) | |
| 34 | 0.17 ± 0.02 (n = 9) | 0.30 ± 0.01 (n = 30) | 0.36 ± 0.01 (n = 27) | 0.26 ± 0.01 (n = 23) | |
| Daily fecundity rate (eggs individual−1 day−1) | 22 | 1.77 ± 0.06 (n = 20) | 1.95 ± 0.05 (n = 32) | 1.99 ± 0.06 (n = 52) | 2.59 ± 0.54 (n = 46) |
| 26 | 1.52 ± 0.07 (n = 20) | 1.96 ± 0.08 (n = 31) | 2.54 ± 0.37 (n = 29) | 3.00 ± 0.30 (n = 21) | |
| 32 | 3.79 ± 0.26 (n = 19) | 3.04 ± 0.33 (n = 29) | 3.55 ± 0.51 (n = 31) | 2.64 ± 0.22 (n = 30) | |
| 34 | 6.87 ± 1.87 (n = 9) | 5.07 ± 0.82 (n = 30) | 4.91 ± 0.52 (n = 27) | 5.76 ± 0.89 (n = 23) | |
| Population-level fitness (rm) | 22 | ‒0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.02 |
| 26 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | |
| 32 | ‒0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | |
| 34 | ‒0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.05 | |
| 36 | ‒2.10 ± 0.15 | ‒2.11 ± 0.21 | ‒2.19 ± 0.22 | ‒2.68 ± 0.20 | |
The means with standard errors for juvenile mortality rate were estimated by fitting an exponential function to survival data for each treatment using the ‘flexsurv’ R package. The means with standard errors for development time, lifespan and size were estimated by using the statistical models in Table 1 (replicate dropped). For fecundity, the standard errors were estimated using the ‘Rmisc’ package in R. For rm, 95% CIs were approximated using the delta method75. The number of individual mosquitoes is shown in parentheses (n = ) after the means for each treatment. For rm TPC fitting, non-positive matrix projection rm values at 36 °C were adjusted to ‒0.30. For plotting (Fig. 2a), non-positive rm values were cut off at ‒0.10.