Figure 1.

Elevated frequencies of exhausted CD4⁺ T cell subsets in filarial LE patients. Frequencies of CD4⁺ T cells were measured by flow cytometry in PBMCs from cohorts of healthy endemic normal subjects (EN, n=44), Wuchereria bancrofti-infected (Wb-inf., n=31) and lymphedema patients (LE, n=26). (A) Cell populations were analyzed according to the applied gating strategy ( Supplementary Figure S1 ) to decipher frequencies of (A) CD4⁺, (B) CD4⁺KLRG1⁺, (C) CD4⁺TIM-3⁺, (D) CD4⁺LAG-3⁺, (E) CD4⁺PD-1⁺ and (F) CD4⁺CD39⁺ T cell subsets. Symbols in graphs show individual data sets with median and interquartile range. Statistical significance between the groups was obtained using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc analysis.