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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2022 Jan 12;208(3):672–684. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001453

Figure 8. Proposed pathway of hepatic fibrogenesis in HBV/HCV coinfection.

Figure 8.

HBV and HCV stimulate TGF-β1 production in hepatocytes, which activates OCT4/Nanog in both hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. OCT4/Nanog then translocate to the nucleus, where they potentiate the expression of profibrogenic genes such as α-SMA, TIMP-1 and Col1A1.