Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Psychol. 2021 Jul 20;78(2):321–342. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23225

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Two-factor higher-order model of CPTSD (PTSD and DSO) and two-factor model of loneliness (social loneliness and emotional loneliness). PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; DSO = disturbances in self-organisation; RE = re-experiencing in the here and now; AV = avoidance; TH = sense of current threat; AD = affective dysregulation; NSC = negative self-concept; DR = disturbances in relationships; EL = emotional loneliness; SL = social loneliness.

Statistical significance: *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.