Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jan 6;12:795232. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795232

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Ren, Wang, Rehberg, Stoeger, Zhang and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Immune modulatory effects of QDs on the respiratory system. The picture shows that after being exposed to QDs, resident pulmonary macrophages, lung epithelial cells, and fibroblast swallowed QDs, and then QDs would activate inflammatory-related pathway like TLR signaling, which promoted cells to release proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and chemokines (CXCL-1/2/5/MIP-1α,γ/CCL-2). Sequentially neutrophils would be recruited firstly, and then monocyte and adaptive immune T cells would follow. Besides, QDs activated AT II cells and released IL-33 which activated ILC2 cells.