FIGURE 3.

Effects of resveratrol and viniferin on the reactivity of astrocytes. The WT mice and the double transgenic APPswePS1dE9 mice were treated with resveratrol, trans ε-viniferin or their vehicle (PEG 200) intraperitoneally from 7 to 11 months of age. (A) The senile plaques were stained with antibody against amyloid peptide (clone WO2, green), astrocytes with antibody against GFAP (red), and the nuclei with DAPI (blue). On each image, a magnification delineated by a white frame was added. The immunofluorescent GFAP signal was quantified as described in section “Materials and Methods.” Scale bars: 25 μm. (B) Cropped blots of GFAP and corresponding β-actin were shown and GFAP/β-actin ratios were calculated. The means of GFAP levels were represented for all groups. The results were expressed as percentage of PEG-treated mice as controls (rounds represent females, triangles represent males). The dotted line represents 100% signal. To compare values between PEG- and polyphenol-treated-mice (by trans resveratrol or trans ε-viniferin), Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test were used (n = 4–8). Any significant result was observed. Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure 4.